The comment is often made that history is all around us. This is especially true when studying architecture. From the simplest cottage to the most ornate public building, all have stories to tell. Sometimes it is comparatively easy to research such structures, as was the case with the Ford Block, featured in this column several weeks ago. Although George E. Ford & Co., reached back more than a century, a study of old newspapers, public documents and interviews with people who recalled the store as it once was, helped to unravel its past.

For some 190 years, and possibly longer, a building constructed in part of local stone, has been a landmark where the crossroads meet at Dorchesters Town Square. In the early days it was an inn and tavern, catering to stagecoaches from Halifax enroute to Saint John and the Miramichi. In 1850, the building was purchased by William Hickman (1823–1903), a prominent shipbuilder and merchant of Dorchester. After a further brief period as a hotel, it became the Hickman residence and office, remaining in the family until 1948. Today it is still extending hospitality, as The Bell Inn Restaurant, operated by David McAllister and Wayne Jones.

When did the sign, featuring a large black bell, first welcome travellers to Dorchester? Regrettably, there is no clear-cut answer. For many years, New Brunswick tourist literature has made the claim that the Bell Inn is the oldest building of stone construction in the province. This is possibly true.

It is known that there was a pre 1755 Acadian settlement in the Dorchester area. Writing in 1932 W.C. Milner stated that French dykes could, a few years ago, have been traced on the marshes adjoining the uplands. Following the capture of Fort Beausjour, the settlement was raided, burned and destroyed by New England troops. While 18th century population figures are often unreliable, historical geographer Andrew Hill Clark provides evidence that not all Acadian settlers in this area were deported.

One theory suggests that the building was erected following the Expulsion by New Englanders pursuing the fur trade with the Mikmaqs. There are some problems with this conclusion. Traditionally, the Mikmaq were staunch allies of the French. The strong bond forged between these two groups would suggest that serious trade between New Englanders and Mikmaq was unlikely.

Dorchester native Percy Palmer (1888–1978) writing about 1969 put forward some fascinating suggestions concerning the approximate age of the building. A direct descendant of Gideon Palmer, one of the early Dorchester settlers, he had in his possession a chart depicting the first land grants. In his words: Had [Bell Inn been standing in 1755] it would have been the first target for plunder and burning. Had it been a viable house in 1786, the Keillor family would have occupied it, rather than living in a log home until [the present Keillor House] was completed in 1813.

Further, Palmer did not accept the suggestion that the Bell Inn was built by New England traders. If there was such a trading post it would have been at Dorchester Island. he concluded. Furthermore There is a possibility that the stone walls of the house may have withstood the burning [in 1755] and were still standing after 1783 to encourage some imaginative settler to restore it. He might have had, from the Memramcook Acadians, assistance [in the rebuilding].

As further evidence of this point, Palmer noted that there were land grants beyond Dorchester to persons with the surname White. Even in my boyhood, he remembered, some Acadians used the name White and LeBlanc interchangeably. It is therefore clear that there were Acadian artisans in the immediate area around the beginning of the 19th century.

At first glance, the building recalls the Norman style of architecture still to be found on le d’Orleans near Québec City. This might explain the stone construction with chimneys in the end gables and offset dormer windows, all of which reflect a French influence. However, it should not be overlooked that the first Yorkshire settlers were thoroughly familiar with stone construction. One of these, Thomas Keillor, was a stone mason from Skelton in Yorkshire.

Early documentary evidence concerning the parcel of land on which the Bell Inn stands is sparse. In 1786 a grant of some 200 acres was made to Thomas Keillor. Later another Yorkshireman,Thomas Carter, acquired an adjacent lot. Together, these included much of the present day village of Dorchester. In October 1787, a section of the Thomas Keillor grant was transferred to his son John. In 1803 John Keillor sold a lot of four acres so that the County of Westmorland could build a court house and jail in the new shiretown.

Despite these fragments of information, a precise date for the construction or reconstruction of the building, first named At The Sign Of The Bell, eludes us. In the absence of concrete evidence, it is may be safe to suggest c.1800 as an approximate building date. Since finding documentary confirmation is unlikely, the only way to obtain a more satisfactory answer would be to enlist the support of modern science. An archaeological dig, the carbon dating of artifacts and a study of the stone walls and the older interior wood beams might be revealing. In the case of the latter, it is now possible to date a building by examining growth rings in timber. The mystery of a construction date for The Sign of The Bell may yet be solved.

No record of the Bell Inn would be complete without mention of the role of the Westmorland Historical Society in the preservation of this architectural treasure. In the early 1970s the New Brunswick government obtained ownership of the building. Later, it was purchased by the Society under the leadership of a former president, Mrs. Sylvia Yeoman. Mrs. Yeoman then lived in nearby Rocklyn House, once the home of Edward Barron Chandler (1800–1880), a Father of Confederation. The Bell Inn Coffee Shop was subsequently opened by Mrs. Yeoman assisted by her daughter Katie Yeoman. In May 1986 the present Bell Inn Restaurant was launched on the premises. As it did in the stagecoach days of the 19th century The Sign Of The Bell was, once again, extending a welcome to travelers and local residents alike.

Many readers will already know the appeal of this restaurant. Briefly stated, It’s the food based on traditional recipes, prepared from scratch on the premises and served promptly. For fifteen years this straightforward formula has spelled success for David McAllister and Wayne Jones. To this, must be added the ambience of a two century old building, ornate fireplaces and weathered plank floors. Vintage prints of royalty from the Victorian era to the present add a unique touch.

Such is the reputation of the Bell Inn Restaurant that reservations are always wise. Who knows, you might be dining with a prime minister, a provincial premier or a lieutenant governor. Even a direct descendant of Dorchester’s Thomas Keillor, Garrison Keillor, the well-known American author and broadcaster, has been known to dine at The Sign Of The Bell.

According to the calendar last Monday was Victoria Day. While everyone appreciated the break, I suspect that not many people paused to reflect on the reason behind the holiday. Why observe Victoria Day in 2001?

To begin with the obvious, the holiday honors the memory of the longest reigning British monarch, Queen Victoria, born May 24, 1819. As one Port Elgin resident mentioned to me: As late as the 1940s we used to remind the teacher by chanting a ditty: The 24th of May/ Is the Queens birthday/ If you dont give a holiday/ Well all run away. Since 1952, Canadian law has decreed that Victoria Day shall be observed on the first Monday preceding May 24th.

Last February, Amhersts Cumberland Museum began a year long celebration of Victorias reign. The first event was a Victorian soire. Guests attended in costume and enjoyed a four-course dinner featuring period recipes along with special music. May 21 was marked by a Victorian High Tea. Plans are now underway for the revival of another venerable 19th century tradition, much favored by Queen Victoria and still carried on by Queen Elizabeth II, a summer Garden Party.

2001 is an appropriate year for reflecting on this era, since it ended, a century ago, with the death of Queen Victoria on Jan. 22nd, 1901. Victoria succeeded to the throne on June 20, 1837 following the death of her uncle King William IV. A reign of over sixty years meant that few people in 1901 could remember a time when the throne was occupied by another.

Her father, Prince Edward, Duke of Kent (1767–1820) had many associations with British North America. A career army officer, he was first posted to Qubec in 1791. Later he became commander in chief and was stationed in Halifax. His term was noteworthy for a number of reasons. Of an eccentric nature, the Duke was strong on military discipline and had a fondness for both punctuality and clocks. To this was added a fixation with circular buildings.

Some examples survive. The Town Clock on Citadel Hill made certain that the garrison kept on time; while St. Georges Round Church followed an architectural pattern favored by the Duke. At his private villa, Princes Lodge, on the shores of Bedford Basin, a band rotunda or music room, was predictably circular in shape. It is now a national historic site.

Here, he and his charming consort Madame Julie St. Laurent (1766–1872), entertained the Halifax elite. Later the Duke for reasons of state was forced to set Julie aside and marry the German Princess, Victoria of Saxe-Saalfield-Coburg. Their daughter became Queen Victoria.

The Duke of Kent died while Victoria was an infant, and such was the social attitude of the day, that all references to his life were suppressed. The tale of the star-crossed lovers, Julie and Prince Edward, may be found in McKenzies Porters fascinating book Overture to Victoria. Clearly, truth is often stranger than fiction.

Queen Victorias lengthy reign was bound to have a strong impact on the emerging British North American colonies. During that era, Canada as we know it today, grew up. Slowly but surely during the early years, the scattered colonies achieved responsible government. This meant that the local governing executive had to be responsible to the people and could be turfed out at the next election. Taken for granted today, this was a major step in the closed and stratified colonial politics of the mid-19th century.

But the greatest achievement was the union of these same colonies, beginning with the original four: New Brunswick and Nova Scotia along with Upper and Lower Canada. Earlier, Queen Victoria was responsible for the selection of Bytown (renamed Ottawa) as the capital, first of the United Canadas and, after Confederation in 1867, of the new Dominion of Canada.

Once begun, the evolution of the Dominion into what eventually become the independent Canada of today, was unstoppable. Along the way, there was a brief flirtation with the concept of Imperial Federation. This idea was doomed from the start, because of the inevitable domination of Britain in any such an arrangement.

The Canadian experiment proved that political freedom could be achieved by evolution rather than revolution, and a new parliamentary democracy, based on the British model at Westminister, came into being. Significantly, what began in Victorian Canada was to be repeated, first in Australia (1901); followed shortly afterward by New Zealand (1907). Over time, the old British Empire changed into the British Commonwealth, and later, as it is known today The Commonwealth.

On the day of her accession to the throne, Queen Victoria confided in her diary: Since it has pleased Providence to place me in this situation, I shall do my utmost to do my duty toward my country… For the next 64 years this was to be her all consuming objective. From 1837 to 1841 the Queen was fortunate to have had as her Prime Minister and counsellor, Lord Melbourne (17791848). It was he who schooled the young sovereign in the political and social realities of the day.

On Feb.10, 1840 Queen Victoria married Prince Albert (1819–61) of the House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. Later named Prince Consort, Albert was to play an important role in the life of the Queen, both as a devoted husband and trusted advisor.

His sudden death in 1861, deeply affected Victoria, and she went into virtual seclusion for more than twenty years. The Widow of Windsor was encouraged by another of her Prime Ministers, Benjamin Disraeli (180481), to return to a more active role. Although matters of state were never neglected by the Queen, the celebration of her Golden Jubilee in 1887 helped greatly in a revival of her public image.

Prior to Prince Alberts death, an invitation had been extended to the Royal couple to visit British North America. Travel was never one of Queen Victorias priorities and to no ones surprise she declined. Eighty years were to pass before a reigning monarch (King George VI) visited Canada.

However, all was not lost, as the Queen promised that within a year, Edward, Prince of Wales (later King Edward VII) would accept the invitation in her place. In the summer of 1860, the first overseas Royal Visit took place, inaugurating a trend that has continued through to 2001 with the recent visit by another Prince of Wales, to Saskatchewan and the Yukon.

During Victoria’s long period of mourning her name was linked with John Brown (1826–1883) a favored attendant of Prince Albert’s at Balmoral Castle. There can be no question but that Brown remained a close confidant of the Queen until his death. Their story was explored in the recent movie Mrs. Brown, in which actress Judi Dench played the role of Queen Victoria.

As the Victorian era rolled on, the British monarchy was evolving with the times. Subtle but significant changes were taking place. Gradually the sovereigns official powers were declining, to be replaced by something else.

In her last years, Queen Victoria proved that a monarch with a high level of prestige and a master of political reality, could still exert great influence. With this shift, the present day monarchy was born. Thus it was not mere time in office that made Queen Victoria a symbol and icon.

On the occasion of her Diamond Jubilee in 1897 an unknown Cape Breton poet proposed a toast to the Queen: Heres to Queen Victoria/ Dressed in all her regalia/ With one foot in Canada/ And the other in Australia. However, Victorias legacy does not rest with an Empire on which the sun never set. It has vanished forever. More enduring is the still evolving Commonwealth.

While Mount Allison varsity and various town teams were garnering headlines, it cannot be overlooked that minor hockey was thriving on the Tantramar. For a number of years, service clubs, local firms and community organizations sponsored teams. As time went on, a Minor Hockey Association was formed.

The program received a boost in the mid 1970s when an exchange was initiated between Clinton, Massachusetts and Sackville. By coincidence, Bill Estabrooks, a Sackville minor hockey supporter, had once lived in New England where one of his neighbours, Pat Latterio was a hockey coach. This contact led to parents and players from Clinton coming to Sackville for a weekend visit. Coaching and game clinics were held along with friendly hockey games. Because of superior skating skills and experience, the Sackville teams usually won; however, this was not the point of the exchange.

One Sackville player, Wade Wheaton, still retains vivid memories of his first trip to the USA in 1976, as part of a return visit by local teams. On the way, a severe snowstorm with almost white out conditions was encountered near Portland. This did not deter the hockey enthusiasts. They soon reached Clinton, and the much anticipated Massachussetts hospitality. Wade, now part of the Sackville minor hockey coaching staff, looks back on this trip as a highlight that Ill never forget.

1977 was also a vintage year for minor hockey; but for a different reason. In that year, the Sackville Minor Hockey Association (now Sackville Minor Hockey Club) adopted a formal constitution. The objectives they agreed upon bear repeating … To play fairly under all circumstances; to give opponents a chance and not to take advantage; to win modestly and receive defeat with a smile; to give credit to the team that wins and not to dispute referees decisions. While it would be naive to suggest that the code was always followed; the true ideal of sport was being instilled among hundreds of young people.

The importance of minor hockey became a recurring theme during the course of my interviews and conversations with former coaches, players and parents. When asked to name his most enduring memory of more than twenty years as a minor hockey coach, Ross Barclay did not hesitate.

For me, he responded, its the dozens of former minor hockey players who stayed with the game and who are todays coaches. One need only look to the 200001 season to realize that most of the present coaching staff followed the same path. David Wheaton, current President of the Sackville Minor Hockey Club, recalled that he began playing hockey on a Pee Wee team coached by Ross Barclay.

Significantly, Ross did not single out league championships as a first priority. However, it has to be recognized that such teams are important in any sport; for excellence knows no boundaries and must be maintained and encouraged

The Tantramar Regional High School Titans occupy an important niche in local hockey history; having won provincial championships in 1976-7, 1977-8, 1978-9, 1985-6, 1992-3 and 1996-7. Pressed to select one vintage year long time coach, Don MacIntyre hesitated, justifiably, since … they were all outstanding. However, upon reflection, he conceded that the first Titan team to bring a provincial hockey championship to TRHS in 1976–77 really stood out.

The final game of their first provincial win was played at Allison Gardens on Apr. 6, 1977. Some 1,300 fans were on hand to see the Titans trip Minto High by a score of 9–6 and claim the provincial trophy. Scoring were some well known minor hockey veterans: Les Brownell, Greg Tweed and Wade Ward accounted for two goals each; while Doug Murray, Colin Wheaton and Steve Bowes flipped singles. During this series, Ted Doncaster played his usual strong game in goal for the Titans.

1978-9 was another significant season for minor hockey. From Mar. 30 to Apr.1, 1979, Allison Gardens was the setting for the New Brunswick Pee Wee tournament. Ross Barclay and Willie Hicks coached the local team with George Archibald as manager. After first getting by Shediac; then eliminating Caraquet and Grand Falls, the Sackville team was pitted against St. Stephen. With a convincing4-2 win, the Pee Wee provincial trophy came to the Tantramar. On the Saturday evening of the same weekend in 1979, Allison Gardens saw the TRHS Titans clinch a third provincial AA title over their perpetual rivals, Minto High. Not a bad April Fools weekend for local players and fans.

The hockey seasons of 1980–81 and 1981–82 deserve recognition, both for the brand of varsity hockey played at Allison Gardens, and the capture by the Mounties of two Division titles. Again, during this period it was standing room only for home games at the Gardens. With records in games played, of 13–4 and 17–9, the Mounties, under coach Jack Drover, were in top form, in the then McAdam Division. The other divisional teams were: UPEI, UNB, St. Thomas and Memorial. Although Mt. A was eliminated both seasons in the AUAA play-offs, many local fans still recall these inter-collegiate games.

When asked to comment on the teams, Coach Drover reached into a filing cabinet and pulled out the stats for games played. Immediately, he began to reel off names: In 80–81,Ross Yates, Kevin Foran, Jamie Watling, Rob Daigle, Russ Bryden and goalie Bob Daley. In the following year, Kevin Foran, Rob Daigle, Malcolm Anthony, Steve George, Andy Nesbitt with Eric Setchell in goal. He concluded: With players like these, we were bound to do well! For certain, both teams occupy a place of honour among varsity hockey teams at Mount Allison.

Jack disclosed some further information concerning Foran and Yates. Foran, a left winger from Dalhousie NB, started his varsity career in 1978–79 by being named rookie of the year. Four years later in 1982–83, Kevin had accumulated 117 goals and 150 assists in league play, and was crowned the all time leading scorer in the CIAU. In 2001 Foran’s record still stands!

Ross Yates, from Beaconsfield Quebec, played centre, and along with Foran, was acclaimed an AUAA All Star. Following Yates career at Mt. A (with 75 league goals and 164 assists), he had a successful career in professional hockey; playing for the AHL Binghampton Whalers and the NHL Hartford Whalers. Later, Ross coached teams in Germany and Switzerland.

During this discussion, the coach remembered another Mountie hockey player, Dan Fergus, who established a record of a different kind. Heres how Jack told the story: On the Saturday morning of homecoming weekend in 1978, Dan Fergus, goalkeeper for the mens soccer team, led the Mounties in a 2–0 victory over UPEI. That afternoon, Dan replaced an injured Mountie football player and actually set a record with an 81 yard punt. Since there was an exhibition hockey game in the evening, Dan asked if he could be in the line up I reluctantly agreed, but told him not to expect too much ice time. As it turned out, he played close to 45 minutes and established a record that will probably never be broken participating in three CIAU sports in one day.

As time rolled on, it became more and more obvious that Allison Gardens was wearing out. Some major repairs and modifications were made over the years. As early as 1965 the first of several renovations took place when ridge ventilators were installed along with new roofing. Further changes in the building took place in 1971–72, along with the addition of automatic ice making equipment.

An examination of photos taken in the 1970s reveals that the famous graffiti began to appear on the roof of Allison Gardens around 1972. Despite several attempts to clean up the art work it always mysteriously reappeared. In 1979 a major change took place when all property, real and personal owned by Allison Gardens Limited was transferred to Mount Allison University.

Over the years, a number of individuals have toiled long hours to keep Allison Gardens in operation. This Flashback would not be complete without a tip of the hat to the staff who made certain that all was ready for Hockey Night In Sackville. Their efforts have been applauded by, among many others, David Wheaton, Sackville Minor Hockey Club President. In Davids words: Theyre the glue that has kept the rink in operation. Names such as: Roland Berry, Sid Brownell, Austin Ibbitson, Bev Sears, Bob Berry, Mark Adams and Peter Hastie are among those who have been mentioned in this context.

Another conclusion arises from over a half century of hockey history. It calls for a second tip of the hat to the hundreds of people who have given their time and talents to make minor hockey the success story it has been, and still is, today. Whether it meant serving on the executive or one of its several committees, acting as referees or coaches, sponsoring teams, fund raising, providing billets and meals for visiting teams or transporting players to and from games all was done in the true spirit of volunteerism.

To quote David Wheaton again: If it werent for the volunteers, minor hockey just wouldnt be happening. For this reason, a final tip of the hat must go to a worthy representative of these individuals, Jack Drover. Not only has Jack fulfilled many responsibilities within local hockey organizations; his contributions have been recognized beyond the Tantramar, through the award by the New Brunswick Amateur Hockey Association of the Charles Daigle plaque: in recognition of his commitment and contribution to minor hockey.

Where do we go from here? At the time of writing, the future of the proposed Tantramar Regional Civic Centre is uncertain. Heres part of a letter that accompanied a donation for the new complex. It is quoted wth the permission of the writers. Now living in Calgary, the couple grew up in Sackville. Not only do they retain fond memories of Allison Gardens; they recalled a specific event from far away 1950.

We both distinctly remember Barbara Ann Scott coming on the ice, skating on one foot and going completely around the arena everyone was amazed! We spent a good deal of our courting days, skating at the rink in winter and roller skating during the summer not forgetting the many memorable hockey games. The names behind this reminiscense will be recognized by many readers Gillian Jill Harris and Bill Godfrey Jr. As a further footnote, Bills father, Dr. William S. Godfrey (18901983) Mt. A 14, was years earlier, a star player on the Mount Allison varsity hockey team. In 1931 the same Dr. William S. Godfrey coached the Mt.A. team to a Maritime Inter-collegiate Hockey Championship.

Can the Tantramar region be visualized without a rink?… without hockey? Allison Gardens R.I.P.

Many hockey players, coaches, volunteers, sports writers and fans made important contributions to this series. Some loaned scrapbooks, programs and photographs. Although only a few are mentioned by name, my thanks goes out to each one. I am much indebted to Wallie Sears, who after more than four decades, may still be found on the sports pages of the Tribune Post. His induction to Sackvilles Sports Wall Of Fame in 1993, was a fitting tribute to many years as a sports builder. Further, Wallie Sears has the unique ability to catch a readers attention in the fewest possible words. His reports, spanning so many memorable Hockey Nights In Sackville, made my task much easier.

Over the years, Allison Gardens fulfilled an important role as a multi-purpose facility. While recognizing that it cannot be complete; here are a few examples of non-hockey events. There were appearances by groups as diverse as the Harlem Globe Trotters and Don Messers Islanders. The encounter between the Globe Trotters and the Mount Allison varsity basketball team is still remembered by local fans. The latter were coached by Lloyd Bud White; while the unenviable task of referee fell to Dr. Bill Crawford, later to be President of Mt. A.

Roller skating was a popular summer pastime for many years. Not so well known is that during the 1970s, Allison Gardens hosted an indoor lacrosse league. The rink was also home to important activities such as speed and figure skating. Then there were trade shows, along with wrestling, boxing and tug of war matches.

Some distinctive features of the last three mentioned sports were, according to one informant, in evidence when the Maritime Conference of the United Church used the rink for group discussions. Other important events, anticipated annually, were the Universitys Winter Carnival Icerama and the Firemens Carnival

All these activities and more were important in the life of the community. But it was the hundreds of hockey games that will be remembered for generations to come. The full saga of this sport at Allison Gardens covering a span of 53 years cannot be easily summarized. Instead, a review of a few vintage years will be used to illustrate Sackvilles hockey heritage. Because of space limitations, less attention is paid to the more recent events of the 1990s. Information collected for these years has been filed away for a future Flashback.

During the autumn of 1947 it became clear that the new rink would not be ready for the next hockey season. At this stage, the main section of the roof was still open to the sky. As a stop-gap measure, a temporary open air college rink was created. An unusually cold winter meant that public skating and special events such as the local schools ice sports day were possible.

Several open air hockey games were played during 194748. A photograph of one inter-collegiate game (Mt.A. against UNB) was taken by Louise MacKinnon. Played in the afternoon, and with a light snow falling, the figure of President Ross Flemington can be detected among the spectators.

From the 1948–49 hockey season onward, the advantage of the new artifical ice rink became obvious. First evidence was provided by the Sackville Legion Junior team which reached the provincial finals. In their championship encounter they were pitted against the renowned Saint John Maroons. Sackville won the first game at Allison Gardens 5–2.

On Mar. 4, 1949 Saint John overcame the deficit in a home game by an 8–3 margin; thereby capturing the New Brunswick title on total goals. No less than 453 Sackville fans travelled to Saint John by special excursion train to witness this game. Billed as the largest exodus in the history of the town, it confirmed the extent of local support for hockey. Several of the 48–49 Legion Junior players were to dominate later Sackville teams.

1952-3 was a stellar hockey season for both Mount Allison Mounties and the Sackville Eagles. Records reveal that Mount Allisons previous NB-PEI inter-collegiate hockey title was earned in 1938. After eliminating UNB and St. Thomas (then in Chatham) the Mounties went on to defeat St. Dunstans (now part of UPEI) and reclaim the championship. Scores in the two games against SDU were: 6–1 and 7–6.

With the NB-PEI crown in hand, Mt. A. then faced St. Francis Xavier (Nova Scotia champions) in the Maritime finals. The first game was played on Mar. 7, 1953 in Allison Gardens, with a 6-1 win for the home squad. The second contest, in Antigonish, was marred by an unfortunate accident. Part of the spectator stand in the St. F.X. rink collapsed, injuring several people.

Understandably, the game was called off by the referees. Later the MIAU ruled that there would be no Maritime intercollegiate hockey championship in 1953. Sports columnist Ken Bagnell selected the Mt. A. stars of the series ranging from the brilliant netminding of Don MacGowan to the team play of Bill Clarke, John Neilson, Dick Goad, Doug Johnson, Bud Robertson and Doug MacLeod.

Meanwhile, the Sackville Eagles were not idle. On Jan. 27, 1953 the Eagles squared off against the Mounties in an exhibition match. Excitment of local fans was at a fever pitch, since the last tangle between town and gown [in 1950], had ended in a bench clearing donnybrook. This time the Eagles emerged the winners by a 6–5 score, in a close, clean and fast game.

A month later, a memorable play off series saw the arch rivals Sackville Eagles and Memramcook Rovers meet. At stake was the Central Hockey League (CHL) championship won by Sackville. Not only was the brand of hockey exceptional; a record breaking Allison Gardens crowd of 1,726 fans jammed the rink for the first home game. The Eagles won 3–1 in double overtime. Total attendance for the entire series exceeded 6,000. Where did they put them all?

Winning the CHL crown was also noteworthy because of the achievement of an outstanding Eagles player, centre Billy Harris, a native of Dorchester. He was awarded the league scoring championship trophy. An exceptional all round athlete Harris was later to attain fame in baseball, as a player for the Brooklyn Dodgers. He was inducted a member of the Sackville Sports Wall of Fame on May 27, 1989.

Another fascinating hockey story unfolded in 1959 when a provincial championship came to Sackville. To put the win in perspective, its necessary to go back to 1905 to find a previous provincial hockey title for a local team. On their way, the Sackville Combines had to eliminate, yet again, the Memramcook Rovers in the quarter finals.

Heres an account of the final game as written by sports columnist Wallie Sears, then at the beginning of his long career with this newspaper: Hard rock John MacKinnon showed the way scoring wise, with a three goal performance and was closely followed by Ken Marchant with a brace. Jim Gouchie, Frank Gouthreau, Muir MacKinnon and Larry Ward added singletons. The score was 9–3 for the Combines. Over a thousand fans almost raised the roof of Allison Gardens.

Next, the Combines had to face the Saint John Beavers. The concluding game of that series, was played in Allison Gardens, and lasted until well past midnight. It must rank among the most outstanding of all local hockey encounters. The cliff hanger conclusion was summarized by Sears as follows: Speed merchant Doug Polley, a bustling right winger, rammed home a goal after nine minutes and nine seconds of a second twenty minute, sudden death overtime period, breaking a 99 minute hockey marathon, to win the game 6-5 for the Combines. The triumph posted before 1,200 screaming fans, gave Sackville the best of three games and the right to tackle Campbellton Tigers for the provincial trophy.

In the next series, following a win by each team, the third and deciding contest was forfeited by Campbellton. Unfortunately, the Combines were later eliminated by the Summerside Aces in their quest for the Maritime championship. However, after such a long drought, a provincial title was still a well deserved provincial title.

Better luck was in store for Sackville in winning a Maritime Intermediate C Championship in 1971. Allison Gardens was the place to be on the night of Apr. 18, and again the following afternoon, to witness a two game total goal series between the Combines and their Nova Scotia rivals, the Dartmouth Olands. The underdog Sackville team, coached by Ed Reiger with Don MacIntyre as captain, had already taken the New Brunswick crown and were ready to do battle.

The first game, won by the Combines 10–3, was described as a romp for the winners. Once more, Wallie Sears caught the drama of the game: … leading the way was Davis Richardson who snapped home four goals and two assists. Brothers Rod and Ralph Smith each chipped in a pair; while Pete Pineau and Alan Phinney added singles. Bliss Richard was outstanding in goal.

The next encounter was a different story, as the Combines lost the battle 7–6; but won the war, on total points 16-9. Mike Hicks scored twice for the Combines; with Gerry Bartlett, Pete Pineau, Alan Phinney and Rod Smith potting singles.

For years afterward the question debated by fans and players alike was: How good were the 71 Combines? From the vantage point of time, all that need be recalled is that the aptly named Combines, reached their objective. As Wallie Sears expressed it: David had overturned Goliath; the underdogs were winners of a Maritime title! Appropriately, twenty years later, on May 19, 1991 the 1971 Sackville Combines were inducted into the Sackville Sports Wall of Fame.

In 1973-4 the Sackville Legionnaires coached by Gerry Bartlett, breezed through a 4-0 tournament in Woodstock to earn the New Brunswick Bantam B title. The statistics tell the story; as their victory was very much a team effort. Leading the way in the series total goals and assists was Wade Ward with 12 points, followed closely by Colin Wheaton at 10; Greg Tweed 7; Les Brownell 6; while Doug Murray and Steve Bowes earned 5 points each. Goalie Ted Doncaster was his usual tower of strength in the nets.

Its important to note that this championship, was not a flash in the pan. In 1975 during the course of a single weekend, Mar. 28-29, three minor hockey titles came to Sackville. These were won in the Atom, Bantam and Midget Divisions; while the Pee Wees missed a title by one goal. The final column in this series, to be published Apr. 25 will feature hockey highlights from the late 1970s through to 1990.

It is recognized that hockey evolved early in the 19th century from a game first played on Long Pond, in Windsor, Nova Scotia. Students at King’s College adapted the Irish field game of hurley to the ice of Long Pond, located near their campus. Proof may be found in the writings of an 1815 Kings graduate; later the famous author and judge, Thomas Chandler Haliburton (1796–1865).

Readers interested in the historical background of the game are directed to the web site gameofhockey.com and to a fascinating book entitled The Puck Stops Here, by Dr. Garth Vaughan.

In all probability, hockey was introduced to the Tantramar region by students at Mount Allison Academy. Skating on the ponds and marshes surrounding Sackville was popular from the 1840s onward. University historian, Dr. John Reid, quotes a letter written in 1846 by an Academy student, Amos Purdy from Wallace, Nova Scotia, in which the dangers of playing hurley are mentioned. Purdy received a severe bruise above the left eye as a result of high sticking by an opponent.

With kilometres of ice on the nearby Tantramar Marsh and ponds, it may be concluded that the ice version of hurley that became hockey was played here by the late 1840s. The appeal of both skating and hockey soon gave rise to covered rinks. It would require several columns to trace their story from the first covered skating rink erected in 1876, through to one that some readers will recall, the Old College Rinkon Lansdowne Street. This Flashback will focus on the building of the rink that replaced the latter, Allison Gardens.

By 1939, the Old College Rink erected in 1919 at a cost of $15,000 had outlived its usefulness. Described as a building of sagging timbers and soggy ice Mount Allison students launched a replacement campaign in 193940. Unfortunately, World War Two intervened and it was not until the autumn of 1946 that another generation of students took up the cause.

As the war was coming to a close, the Sackville Board of Trade also began discussions concerning the possibility of a new rink. Later, many of their members were to be involved in community support for building a new facility.

Don Cameron, Mt. A. ’50 and registrar emeritus, was present at the revival of the campaign. It happened on a special train excursion during the fall of 1946. We were returning to Sackville from a football game in Cape Breton. Mt. A. had just lost to the famous Caledonia squad and conversation turned to the upcoming hockey season.

By this time there was general agreement that the varsity hockey team was at a disadvantage, since their competitors all had arenas with artificial ice. Don continued: Major Waldo McCormack [coach of Mt.A.’s football and hockey teams] joined our discussion and challenged us to raise money for a new rink And thats exactly what we did.

Following discussions with the University administration and supported by President Ross Flemington, it was agreed that a levy would be added to student fees. This provided the very first financial contribution toward construction of the new rink, Don recalled. The high level of student enthusiasm helped propel the project forward.

The matter was placed before the Board of Regents and a special committee struck to develop plans for a new building. No time was lost in getting down to work. A contact was made by Board member C.R. Johns, with an experienced Ottawa arena architect, Cecil Burgess. He was invited to visit Sackville on May 10, 1947. Burgess had just completed plans for a 1500 seat rink in Arnprior, Ontario and was willing to make the adjustments necessary for the Sackville venture.

His revised design and specifications were presented to the Board of Regents; with approval given on July 29, 1947. Following a call for tenders, the contract was awarded to Ambrose Wheeler Limited of Moncton, at an initial estimate of $132,157.42. Eventually this figure rose to $211,842.00, including equipment costs. Construction began soon after the award of the contract. An example of town-gown cooperation came in the raising of approximately $30,000 by local residents; partly from voluntary pay check deductions. Students contributed over $25,000.

Although comparative speed characterized startup of the project, serious problems soon emerged. There were still wartime related shortages of steel, skilled labour was not always available and major financial contributions were slow in materializing. Further, in the 1940s, direct government subsidization of such projects was not in the cards. To raise the necessary capital, a separate company, to be known as Allison Gardens Limited was created.

On the evening of Dec. 4, 1948 all roads led to Sackville. A capacity crowd was on hand for the official opening of the newly completed rink. Once the ceremonial handing over of the keys from contractor, Ambrose Wheeler to Dr. N.A. Hesler, chair of the the Board of Regents had taken place, the program began.

An exhibition by members of the Halifax Skating Club was followed by a hockey game which saw a team of co-eds pitted against the boys from Bermuda and the West Indies. Since many of the latter had never donned skates before, the result was predictably entertaining. Then came a game of Ice Polo featuring teams from two local service clubs the Kinsmen and Rotarians. While no record of the final score was recorded, one spectator remembered that Dr. Flemington, in goal for the Rotarians,easily won the MVP award.

A general skate ended the evening, when dozens of anxiously waiting spectators leaped over the boards. Music was provided by the Sackville Citizens Band. Prominent among the first skaters were Dr. George J. Trueman, President Emeritus (age 77) and A.R. Tingley (age 83) from Amherst. Allison Gardens was well and truly launched!

Another noteworthy event took place when the nationally acclaimed Skating Sensations of 1950 starring Barbara Ann Scott came to Allison Gardens. A renowned athlete, Scott won gold for Canada in the Olympic figure skating competition at St. Moritz in 1948. Three performances were held, and many people still recall Scotts thrilling solo number On Wings of Song. Another special feature The Teddy Bears Picnic took the children by storm. Clearly, this production would not have visited Sackville were it not for Allison Gardens.

To be a financial success, such events and others like it, required arenas with a large seating capacity. Despite capacity crowds, only a small profit was realized from this 1950 show. Yet, the mere fact that people still recall with appreciation, Scotts gala performance, proves that such events cannot be measured solely in terms of money raised. For all of its many years, this old rink was destined to play an important role in enriching local sports and culture.

The next Flashback, to be published Apr. 18, will provide an overview of Allison Gardens from 1948 to 1975. Emphasis will be placed on a selection of the numerous teams and individual players who made Hockey Night In Sackville a reality…

In 1959, then-Sackville artist Alex Colville completed a painting entitled Milk Truck.

In the foreground, a half-ton Mercury is making a u-turn on West Main near the intersection with York Street. In back, cases of milk are guarded by a black dog. The dog stares intently at the viewer. Perched precariously on the running board, a young boy grips a bottle of milk in readiness for the next delivery.

Readers familiar with his art will say vintage Colville and they are right. People involved in everyday activities are often featured in his paintings.

Yet there is much more to Milk Truck than the action just described. An imposing building in the background forms a significant part of the picture. Colville was once quoted as saying: Everything exists within geometric lines and confinements; consequently, his spaces were always constructed with true mathematical precision. This is very evident in Milk Truck However, aside from its artistic merit, the painting is also an architectural artifact.

On a day in 1959, one part of Sackville’s streetscape was frozen in time.

Significantly, this painting is now part of the CIL Permanent Collection of Canadian Art.

Although by 2001, the exterior of the building painted by Colville, and known as the Ford Block, has been slightly changed, it’s easily recognizable. See the contemporary photograph.

The block will be the focus of attention as Sackville along with other Canadian communities, celebrates Heritage Week.

Part of the local observances, on Sat., Feb. 17, will be the unveiling of a plaque marking its long history.

George E. Ford (1846–1928) was born in Middle Sackville on Dec. 11, 1846.

Shortly afterward, the Ford family moved to a home on Bridge Street in Sackville. His father, Andrew, a house painter by trade, was forced for medical reasons, to change occupations. In 1861 he took over the operation of a small store located near his home. Fortunately, a word picture of this early business has survived.

Imagine a small dark room complete with a rough counter and a few rude shelves, upon which were placed a quantity of P-Y Soap. [This was Pale Yellow soap designed for the well-to-do, as most people made their own].

There was also a box of pipes, several pounds of tobacco, saleratus [baking powder], ginger, pepper etc., and a few pieces of factory cotton and calico. Add to these a barrel of molasses and a box of candles and you will have some idea of the stock in trade. Such was a small mid-nineteenth century convenience store. Upon his fathers death in 1871, the business was taken over by George E. Ford.

As it expanded, a move was made to larger quarters located near Cranes Corner. [The present day Main/York Street intersection]. Eventually in 1894, a new building, later known as the Ford Block, was constructed on West Main. Here the business grew beyond the wildest dreams of its founder.

Upon opening in 1894, George E. Ford’s new department store called Lion House, was billed as having the largest stock of any business in town. When fully operational, there were three main sections. One housed groceries, fruit and provisions; a second clothing and dry goods and a third hardware and furniture.

There was also a tailor, an exclusive millinery shop, along with several specialty display rooms. By 1902 there were 25 full time employees.

The upper floors contained additional storage space, several office suites and a public hall with two anterooms and a separate entrance. Fords Hall was the setting for two historic town meetings. The first in 1902 rejected incorporation; while a second on Jan. 12, 1903 approved the concept.

For a number of years following, the regular Town Council meetings were also held in this building.

A full basement was used for storing heavy items. It also contained a stone tank to supply water for the store. In addition, at the rear of Lion House there was a small building containing a reserve tank that held 20,000 gallons of water. In case of fire, force pumps and hose reached all parts of the structure. The building was heated by hot water and lighted by electricity. Other amenities included hardwood floors and handsome ash counters with polished oak tops.

By coincidence, while researching this topic, a Flashback reader loaned me a copy of the Chignecto Post dated Jan. 23, 1903. What immediately caught my eye was an advertisement for George E. Fords Lion House. It announced a sale of mens clothing featuring ulsters, reefers and jumpers. Since these words have dramatically different meanings in 2001, translation is in order. An ulster was a long belted overcoat; a reefer a short jacket, while a jumper was a loose jacket or smock much favored by workmen. For examples of 1903 prices see the copy of this advertisement.

One mystery remains. Why did George E. Ford name his new store Lion House? In historical terms the lion has always symbolized courage, strength and excellence all good reasons for the name. However, an additional clue is provided by examining early photographs. These show a square object, conspicuously located, just above the double window on the second floor. It turns out that this was a 12x 12 block casting of a stylized lion. Such fanciful ornaments or grotesques, as they were called, were often placed on buildings for good luck. Whatever the reason, for a number of years, the block was referred to as Lion House.

We now fast forward to more recent times, when the Ford Blocks exterior was undergoing renovation. The late Harvey Mesheau, well known to many readers as one keenly interested in local history, was watching the work in progress. He noticed the grotesque in a dumpster and upon inquiry was told that it was destined for the landfill site. Ater being assured that it was no longer wanted, Harvey rescued the object. Eventually, it was passed on to his son, Hon. Peter Mesheau MLA, who gave me the information concerning the salvaging of the historic grotesque.

For well over a century, the Ford Block has been a Sackville landmark.

Known later as George E. Ford and Sons, the department store fell victim to the economic decline associated with the depression of the 1930s. Following its closure a succession of other merchants occupied the premises.

By 1959, the year of the Colville painting, the chief tenants were Stedmans Stores Ltd., and Simpsons order office.

Today it houses a bakery, tavern, restaurant, barber shop and a laundromat.

From the historical and architectural standpoint, the Ford Block is an important part of Sackville’s civic heritage.

One testament to the skill of its builders and later renovators is that the exterior is essentially the same as that depicted in a photograph taken in 1894. Further, the classic architectural lines that attracted Alex Colville in 1959 have not been unduly desecrated by modernization. There is an important lesson here for all who may be interested in architectural preservation.

It is quite possible for structurally sound buildings to retain the essentials of their external facade while permitting interior remodeling to meet contemporary needs.

George E. Ford died Dec. 4, 1928, just a few days short of his 83rd birthday.

Although handicapped by failing eyesight in later life, he remained active until the very end.

On his death the Sackville Tribune commented: The story of the growth of the Ford business, is the story of Sackville… George E. Fords life was interwoven and intermingled with the history of this community. Since 1894, Lion House has stood as a silent memorial to his enterprise.

Sackvilles streetscape is all the more interesting and vital for its presence.

Thanks are extended to the following for their assistance in writing this column: Donna Beal, Cheryl Ennals, Eunice McCormack, Peter Mesheau, Charles Scobie, Marcelene Sears, Phyllis Stopps and Fran Smith.

Jacques Cartier (1491–1557) and Samuel de Champlain (c. 1570–1635) are well known and rightly so, for exploring sections of the Eastern Canadian coastline. Although by no means the first Europeans to visit these shores, they were among the earliest to leave documentary evidence of their visits. Less recognized is Nicolas Denys (1598–1688) trader, entrepreneur, explorer and author. This is unfortunate, for he was a leading figure in 17th century Acadia. Further, both Denys and one of his granddaughters, were destined to haveconnections with the Tantramar region.

Nicolas Denys was born in the city of Tours, in the historic Loire valley, home of many Acadian settlers. Little is known of his early life. Some biographers suggest that he was a descendant of Jean Denys, whose map of the New World was published in 1506. We do know that he was a skilled navigator, who by 1630, had established himself as a merchant in La Rochelle. Here Denys became involved with the Company of New France and for the next half century was closely linked with the fortunes, both of this company and the colony that became known as Acadia.

In 1632, Denys joined a French expedition under the command of Captain Isaac de Razilly (1587–1635) recently named governor of Acadia. The fleet reached the present coastline of Nova Scotia at La Hve (La Have) on Sept. 8, 1632. Immediately, he threw himself into entrepreneurial activities; establishing an inshore fishery at Port Rossignol (Liverpool) and another venture at La Hve to export timber to France. Then disaster struck. In December 1635 de Razilly died and was succeeded by Charles d’Aulnay (c. 1604–1650). The latter refused to grant Denys permission to sell timber. At about the same time, one of Denys vessels loaded with cod was seized by Portuguese authorities. Thus began a half century of misadventures and misfortunes. These included two cases of imprisonment by his enemies, numerous trips across the Atlantic to redeem his reputation at the French court and losses, by fire and enemy capture, of several trading posts.

The peak of Denys career came in 1653 when he purchased from the Company of New France trading rights to a territory that stretched from the Gasp Peninsula to Canso. Included within this vast domain were all the islands in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Shortly afterward, Denys was appointed governor and lieutenant-general of this region. Unfortunately, trading posts established at Miscou NB, St. Peter’s in Cape Breton and Chedabouctou (Guysborough, NS) were never successful. Soon Denys was hopelessly in debt.

Such setbacks give meaning to Denys comment written near the end of a long life: I have not altogether lost my time, even though it has been thwarted by a thousand misfortunes. Over the years historians have tended to emphasize Denys failures, while neglecting his triumphs as one of the first serious explorers of the Eastern Canadian coastline. Lastly, Denys greatest achievement, the writing of The Description and Natural History of the Coasts of North America [actually Acadia], 2 Vols., (Paris 1672), is often overlooked.

Denys once landed on Cape Tormentine and penned the following description: Cape Tourmentin is a great point which advances into the sea and is only two leagues and a half from le Saint Jean. [A league is about five kilometres.] This is the narrowest place in all this strait. In front, some rocks are visible, while others are only uncovered at low water. All over the top… there are pines and firs, and some few other trees.

Denys then proceeded [about ten leagues] along the coast where he made another landing near the mouth of a river. Having passed a little island [Cocagne Island], one is well under shelter, and finds water enough. The anchorage was in front of a large meadow. I named the river, the River of Cocagne, because I found there so much with which to make good cheer, during the eight days, which bad weather obliged me to remain there. All my people were so [well fed] with game and fish that they wished no more.

He then goes on to list: wild geese, ducks, teal, plover, snipe, partridges, hares, salmon, trout, mackerel, smelt and oysters as being found at Cocagne. The latter word is the French equivalent of Utopia, a land of fabled abundance, with food and drink for the asking. Cocagne has remained on the map to this day a silent reminder of a visit by Nicolas Denys.

Denys family link with this region is also of interest. His daughter, Marie, married Michel LeNeuf de la Vallire (16401705) seigneur of Beaubassin and governor of Acadia. The centre of the seigneury, le de la Vallire (now Tonges Island), is a prominent local landmark, located just east of Fort Beausjour.

La Vallire renamed the nearby Missaguash River, Rivire Marguerite, in honour of his favourite daughter. When the latter refused to marry the husband selected for her; she was disowned, and the old name Missaguash returned to the map. To make matters worse, Marguerite eloped with a local farmer, one Louis de Gannes. According to local folklore, she still haunts the banks of the river, swinging a lighted lantern in defiance of her father. By an ironic twist of fate, in more recent years, a branch of the same de Gannes family has returned to live in Amherst NS, thus reviving locally, this ancient Acadian surname.

While the first volume of Denys monumental Description and Natural History of the Coast is concerned with local geography, the second turns attention to natural history. In this volume, the reader is given a firsthand account of the 17th century North Atlantic cod fishery. Denys also explains in detail, life among the Mikmaqs.

The English translation of Denys work, published in 1908 by the Champlain Society, is now out of print. Fortunately, it has been made available by Early Canadiana Online. Check www.canadiana.org for these and other rare books on Canadian history. As a special Millennium Project the Champlain Society has also placed a number of its publications online. See http://www.champlainsociety.ca for their listings.

Denys was at his best in describing the North Atlantic cod fishery. Writing from personal experience, he traces in detail every aspect, from the construction of boats to that which is practiced when they are on the fishing grounds the method of dressing and salting cod and the final transportation to the European market. Interspersed are comments on the daily life of the fishermen, along with information on other species of fish to be found on the Grand Banks. It would be be a staggering blow for Denys to learn that the once plentiful cod would, in 2001, be an endangered species.

The English edition of Denys work was edited by a New Brunswick historian/scientist Dr. William Francis Ganong (1864–1941). Ganong brought his great knowledge of local history and geography to bear with helpful background material and explanatory footnotes. However, throughout, he is highly critical of Denys. To place the two volumes in perspective, it is important to recall that Denys was largely self-educated, and that he was, by his own admission, well aware of his literary shortcomings.

To be fair, in his final conclusion, Ganong provides a balanced view: But the errors of the book are of small account in comparison with the truth it holds. Let us not commit the unpardonable historical blunder of judging it in the light of our own times. It was well calculated to give the reader in France a correct idea of the geography, the natural resources, the misgovernment of Acadia, and in its field it is without a rival. Not a bad review for the man of a thousand misfortunes!

While preparing the annual Flashback quiz published on Jan.3rd., I browsed through a file of letters, e-mails, notes of telephone calls, conversations and interviews that accumulated during 2000. Reading these again proved a rewarding experience, so much so, that I decided to share some impressions with you.

Every effort is made to answer reader contacts as soon as possible; however, if you have not heard from me as yet please be patient. The important thing is to continue refilling this file during the coming year! Although all columns published in 2000 inspired reader reaction, several stood out, as having generated the largest number of responses

Leading the way were those that considered the historical heritage of Yorkshire 2000. This came as no surprise, as it was the major historical observance of the past year on the Tantramar. The influx of Yorkshire settlers has sometimes been called the forgotten migration of Canadian history. Many people, including those not of Yorkshire descent, appreciated reading about its history and background..

Another column with widespread appeal was A Century of Service For Canada published on Feb. 16. It outlined the history of the IODE, which celebrated its 100th anniversary last year. Reaction to this column underscored the importance, both locally and nationally, of a sometimes unheralded service organization. Especially gratifying was the fact that a number of correspondents found this column while surfing the Internet

Two columns that appeared during the summer of 2000 also struck responsive chords. The Lazy Hazy Days Of Summer was popular because many readers either own a cottage that fronts the Northumberland Strait, or spend time each year at one of its many beaches. I must admit being taken to task by one reader who noted my missing New Brunswicks best kept secret the beach at Kouchibouguac National Park.

Marking the 60th anniversary of Camp Ta-Wa-Si proved that generations of local campers hold positive memories of summers past at Johnstons Point. As I suspected, a photograph of unnamed campers, taken sometime during the 1950s, helped spark this recall. Darrell Mesheau, now of Fredericton, was able to identify almost all of the campers. It turned out that he had a copy of the same picture!

There is an old saying that peoples names make the news and this holds true for a historical column. Mary Cannon, Grace Annie Lockhart, Amos King Seaman and Toler Thompson were all prime examples. I am indebted to descendants of the Seaman and Thompson families for getting in touch. Although more than a half century has passed since the classes of 48 and 49 graduated from Mount Allison, several letters and phone calls revealed that memories of Max Fergusons famous Halloween hoax of 1948 are still very much alive.

After the Yorkshire Migration, second place for the number of responses goes to a recent column on The Significance of Vimy Ridge.

First off the mark was George Musgrove of Sackville, who called immediately after the Trib hit the streets. His father, Bill Musgrove, a native of England, served in World War I and saw action in this famous battle. During our conversation, George mentioned that he had a book tracing the history of his fathers battalion and kindly offered to loan it to me. Shortly afterward, we met and I was soon absorbed in reading a fascinating firsthand account of World War I.

Bill Musgrove was attached to the 46th Canadian Infantry Battalion, whose numbers were drawn mainly from southern Saskatchewan. As a result of their distinction in battle they quickly earned the name The Suicide Battalion. Appropriately, this became the title of the book written by James L. McWilliams, from Moose Jaw, home town of the unit and R. J. Steel, whose grandfather served at Vimy.

Although Bill Musgrove passed away in the early 1990s, he was one of a number of Vimy survivors interviewed by the authors. Musgroves conclusion on the outcome of the battle was particularly revealing: After the Vimy attack, I first thought it was a mistake For the amount of men and material we lost was it worth it? However, a little later I came out of the line and struck across the country. I landed in the old German front line. There was a periscope left there. I took a look through it for curiosity and almost flipped! You could see into our old front line, the communications trenches, and for miles back of the line. Realizing the full extent of our victory, I quickly changed my mind about Vimy being a mistake. His son George concluded, Like hundreds of others, my Dad bore injuries suffered at Vimy Ridge for the rest of his life. Subsequently, a leg had to be amputated as a result of wounds inflicted on that fateful Easter Monday in 1917.

Helen Petchey, formerly of Dorchester now of Saint John, noted that her father Fred, was a member of the famous 42nd Royal Highland Regiment. A Vimy veteran, he was one of the fortunate few who came through relatively unharmed. It is well known that Vimy has inspired many place names from Vimy Siding, New Brunswick to Vimy, Alberta. Helen pointed out that the battles impact also included the naming of children. In 1917 a son, born to Dorchester Penitentiary Warden George T. Goad and his wife Jean Piercey Goad, was christened Vimy.

One further eyewitness account. It came in a letter from 93 year old Jack Williams of Windsor, NS. He wrote in part: Your column certainly stirred memories, and then some! These go all the way back to August 1914 when I was 7 years old. We were at Evangeline Beach, the day war was declared. My Dad enlisted in the spring of 1916 and lived through the four day Vimy battle of April 1917. Fortunately, he was more or less unscathed. Three months later, he was on night patrol in the Lens area and was wounded by German artillery. He lost part of one leg and was invalided home by Christmas 1917.

On 09 April 1945, 28 years later, I was a member of #418 Squadron RCAF stationed at an aerodrome in Belgium, not far from the French border. A group of us were invited to make a trip to the Vimy Memorial. When we arrived, we noticed movement around the memorial and soon realized that special ceremonies were about to take place, for this was the anniversary of the battle. It was overwhelming! I remember clearly the monument itself, the trenches, dugouts, sand bagged areas, the parades and the spectators. Of all the things I saw in my time overseas, from celebrations to monuments to cathedrals Vimy was the most memorable.

For certain, the very word Vimy is a significant and hallowed part of many family histories on the Tantramar and throughout Canada. Equally important, it was also a major turning point in the history of our country.