Amos Botsford II (1804–94) was educated at the Westmorland Grammar School and studied law under the direction of his father, William Botsford (1763–1864). Unlike other members of his family, most of whom became lawyers, he preferred instead to remain a farmer and country squire. Throughout his life he demonstrated a keen interest in agriculture and in the promotion of improved farming practices.

He represented Westmorland on the Provincial Board of Agriculture and later was its President. Botsford was also active in a variety of business enterprises that ranged from the Sackville Electric Light and Telephone Company to the Acadia Sugar Refinery. He was also associated with Sackville businessman Josiah Wood in the promotion and development of the New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island Railway. He was later to serve as its president.

In 1830 Amos Botsford made his one and only one fling in Westmorland County politics. It ended in defeat. This setback marked him apart from several of his brothers; however, it did not mean that he was denied an opportunity for public service. Amos Botsford simply followed another route, and accepted an appointment to the Legislative Council in 1833. He was a member for the next 34 years.

During this period, Amos Botsford participated on a number of inter-provincial and international tribunals. In 1836 he joined Edward B. Chandler on a commission to settle the boundary between New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. Later he was part of a similar tribunal that determined the boundary between New Brunswick and Lower Canada (Quebec). Botsfords most important assignment came in 1852, when on the invitation of the Governor, Sir Edmund Walker Head, he journeyed to Washington to represent the province during reciprocity negotiations.

Remembered as an unswerving advocate of Confederation and strong supporter of Samuel Leonard Tilley, Amos Botsford was destined to have the honour of moving the successful motion favouring the proposed federation in New Brunswicks Upper House or the Legislative Council. With the election of the pro-Confederation forces under Tilley in 1866, Amos Botsford had the double satisfaction of witnessing the ratification of Confederation and on July 1, 1867, the emergence of the new Dominion of Canada. Why did the Tilley-Amos Botsford forces succeed and their Smith-Bliss Botsford opponents go down to defeat?

Accounting for the miracle of Confederation in 1867 is not an easy task. Among the countless books, articles and theses that have been written on the subject, there is consensus that a number of factors combined to push confederation forward. It must be recalled that the confederation debate was played against the backdrop of the American Civil War (1861–65). There was a genuine and not unfounded fear that the victorious Northern Army might look northward. This possibility was fanned by comments in American newspapers suggesting that conquest of the remaining British North American colonies was a mere matter of marching.

In addition there was the added possibility of an invasion via the United States by members of the Irish American Fenian Brotherhood. In 1866 a number of Fenian raiders actually crossed the frontier near Niagara. To their surprise, the Canadians did not want to be liberated. Although this invasion failed, the threat was still there, and militia regiments were recruited in all British North American colonies.

Economic factors also played a part in the eventual result. There was a genuine desire to promote inter-provincial trade, to link the colonies by rail and to annex the North West by heading off possible American expansion. Within the political arena, the government of the United Upper and Lower Canada was deadlocked and a wider federation was seen as a possible way out of this situation. The British government and particularly the Colonial Office was in favour of the move and was instrumental in a number of behind the scenes maneuvers to ensure that federation came to pass.

In addition, there was the interplay of prominent personalities. The persuasiveness and sense of destiny on the part of John A. Macdonald was probably the over riding factor. The political skill of Quebecs George-Etienne Cartier and the non-partisan stand taken by Ontarios George Brown cannot be overlooked. In addition, the oratorical skills of Thomas dArcy McGee had their impact. Consider the following oft quoted example: Rest assured, he once commented, if we remain as fragments, we shall be lost; but let us be united and we shall be as a rock; which unmoved itself, flings back the waves that may be dashed upon it by the storm.

In the Maritimes, lead roles were played by Samuel Leonard Tilley and Charles Tupper. Although Tilley needed considerable propping up he managed to overcome his defeat at the polls in 1865. Charles Tupper, a more skillful politician, carried the day in Nova Scotia; despite a hostile and reluctant electorate. Both men were later to serve with distinction, in various federal cabinet portfolios.

Amos Botsfords reward came after July 1, 1867, when he was summoned by Prime Minister Sir John A. Macdonald to be a member of the first Canadian Senate. Again, in the Botsford family tradition, he served briefly on two occasions as Speaker of the Senate. He remained a Senator until his death on March 19, 1894.

In the 19th century there was no age limit, as there is today, for Senators. Because of this, Senator Amos Botsford was able to serve through to the last session before his death. Always a strong supporter of local causes, Botsfords final intervention in Senate debates occurred on March 23, 1893.

In a spirited appeal for a suitable post office in Sackville he provided a snapshot of the area pointing to: the importance of the rail line connecting the mainland with Prince Edward Island, the presence of two academies and a university, two foundries, a cheese and butter factory and a large carriage factory [Campbells]. His life long interest in agriculture caused him to emphasize, that in the immediate area, there were some 30,000 acres of alluvial dykeland. His thriving home community of some 5,000 people was being served by a small post office building no more than 16 by 19 feet.

By the time of Senator Botsfords death the anti-confederation movement had run its course. The people whose memories went back to 1867 were now few in number. Its once leading supporters, Albert J. Smith and Joseph Howe, along with the majority of their followers, had become, for the most part, reconciled to the idea of a Dominion that stretched from sea to sea to sea. Smith entered the cabinet of Liberal Prime Minister Alexander Mackenzie, where he served as Minister of Marine and Fisheries. Howe was also lured to federal politics and became a member of the Macdonald administration. When he died, Howe was just beginning a term as lieutenant-governor of Nova Scotia.

What was true on the provincial and national level was also infiltrating the Tantramar. The building of the Intercolonial Railway had a positive impact both locally and nationally; while the advent of new technologies such as the telephone and telegraph added to the growing consciousness of national identity. The countrys participation in the Boer War, although admittedly small, encouraged a sense of patriotism and pride. At the same time, the Tantramar region was in transition as it moved away from an earlier reliance on shipbuilding and coastal shipping. There was a mood of optimism in the air. The best example was the campaign for incorporation of the town of Sackville in 1903.

Although the Botsford surname has disappeared from the Tantramar; as recently as the mid 1900s, Botsford could still be found, lingering on in related families, as a first or middle name. A further reminder of the family influence dates from much earlier. In 1815 Botsford Parish was set off from the parishes of Westmorland and Sackville and named for William Botsford. The Botsford and Westmorland Agricultural Society, still in existence, sponsors an annual agricultural exhibition in Port Elgin.

While Senator Amos Botsford cannot be numbered within the first rank of the supporters of Confederation; he was an important foot soldier in the battle. In paying tribute, a fellow New Brunswick Senator David Wark (1804 -1905) reminisced that both he and Botsford were colleagues in the old New Brunswick Legislative Council, and that in 1867 they became members of the Senate of Canada. Modestly he recalled: We took a deep interest in Confederation and lent assistance to the carrying out of that measure. For over sixty years from 1833 until his death in 1894, Amos Botsford served his Tantramar constituents, first as a member of the provincial Legislative Council for 34 years; to be followed by 27 years as a member of the Senate.

Since that sunny July 1st in 1867, one hundred thirty five Dominion/Canada days have come and gone. Looking back, the achievements of Sackvilles first Senator, Amos Botsford II, are worth recalling; along with the legacies of the other members of this remarkable Tantramar dynasty.

It was a happy coincidence that July 1st, 1867 fell on a Monday. In addition, the weather was reported as favourable in all four provinces of the new Dominion. From Sydney Nova Scotia and Sackville New Brunswick in the east, through to Sarnia and Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario in the west, the day continued clear and warm. According to one overly enthusiastic reporter: the holiday was marked throughout with the utmost dignity and aplomb. Even many of those who opposed Confederation were caught up in the fireworks and festivities on Canadas first long holiday weekend.

Lost in the euphoria of the day was the fact that Confederation was, in reality, a political miracle. In 1864 delegates from Newfoundland, Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick agreed to meet in Charlottetown to consider a Maritime Union. Subsequently, the Conference was expanded to include delegates from Canada East (Quebec) and Canada West (Ontario). Those who supported Confederation hoped that the union might one day embrace all of the British North American colonies.

As events later unfolded, Newfoundland and Prince Edward Island opted out of the scheme; while the legislature of the two Canadas gave its approval. But what about New Brunswick and Nova Scotia? Without their support, Confederation could not take place.

In New Brunswick, an over confident pro-confederation government headed by Samuel Leonard Tilley (1818–96) was defeated in a provincial election held on March 3, 1865. In this contest, Westmorland County returned four anti-confederate members. Leading the polls was a wily Dorchester lawyer, Albert J. Smith (1822–83) with 1,663 votes. Smith had given effective leadership to the anti-confederation movement and was called upon to form a new government. Results for his three colleagues were as follows: Bliss Botsford 1,505, Armand Landry 1,481 and W.G. Gilbert 1,406.

The Smith government, once characterized as a queer mixture of Tories and Liberals, lasted but a few months. In a second election, Tilley was returned to power with a large majority; although the total popular vote remained close. Only eight anti-confederates were elected; and of these, four were from Westmorland. Despite the local anti-confederation stand, New Brunswick was now onside.

In Nova Scotia, the anti-confederate movement was given vigorous leadership by Joseph Howe. Had the Premier, Charles Tupper (1821–1915), risked an election; the result might well have meant defeat. Tupper, a better political tactician than Tilley, steered a carefully crafted union resolution through the Legislature. The final vote was 31 to 19. Nova Scotia joined New Brunswick and the Canadas in the new Dominion on that … sunny July 1, 1867.

The heated political debate over Confederation was well covered by the newspapers. Most optimistic was the New Brunswick Reporter. It observed: We are now one people one in laws, one in government, one in interests. The Fredericton Headquarters was more realistic: It is useless to shut our eyes, it commented on July 5, 1867, to the fact that in New Brunswick there is discontent and indignation smoldering in many places; while in Nova Scotia these feelings are afire and in action. One people or a divided people? Only time would tell.

In 1867, the boundaries of Westmorland County defined the limits of both the provincial and federal constituencies. The first federal election was held during the early autumn of 1867. Westmorland elected the anti-confederate ex-premier Albert J. Smith as its first MP; while in the nearby Nova Scotia constituency of Cumberland the pro-confederate ex-premier Charles Tupper was returned.

Deep divisions characterized several of the leading politicians with roots on the Tantramar. Albert J. Smith, who became known as the Lion of Westmorland, had taken his legal training in the Dorchester law office of Edward B. Chandler (1800–80), one the provinces leading Fathers of Confederation. Although born in Amherst, Nova Scotia, Chandler had crossed the Missaguash to launch his career in New Brunswick. From 1827 to 1836, he was an MLA for Westmorland. Later, as a member of the Upper House or Legislative Council, Chandler played a key role in the negotiations that led to Confederation.

In some instances, family members found themselves on opposite sides. The most dramatic example was within the ranks of the Botsford family. Looking back, no other Tantramar family could match their long record of public service. From the first provincial election in 1785, and for years afterward, there was almost always a Botsford serving in the Legislature.

The founder of the dynasty was Amos Botsford I (1744–1812). A native of Newtown, Connecticut, and graduate of Yale University, he practiced law until the outbreak of the American Revolution. As a strong supporter of the British cause, Botsford was appointed to assist in the settlement of Loyalists in what became the province of New Brunswick. Well positioned, he laid personal claim to a land grant at Botsfords (now Dorchester) Island. A few years later, the family moved to Westcock. Amos Botsford represented Westmorland in the House of Assembly from 1785 until his death in 1812. During this long period he held the position of Speaker; setting a precedent to be followed by succeeding members of the family.

Amos Botsford was followed as a Westmorland MLA by his son William (1773–1864). Also a graduate of Yale and a lawyer, William Botsford was Speaker of the House of Assembly from 1817 to 1823. He also served as solicitor-general. Appointed a judge of the Court of Vice-Admiralty and later the Supreme Court; he retired from the Bench in 1845. For the remainder of his life, he devoted his time to the family estate in Westcock. An active member and benefactor of St. Anns Church, William Botsford was keenly interested in the development of the entire Tantramar region. In this context, he was an early supporter of the Chignecto Canal Project and was associated with Tolar Thompson in the latters efforts to improve marshland agriculture.

In 1802 William Botsford married Sarah Murray nee Hazen, member of a prominent Saint John mercantile family. Some idea of the Botsford lifestyle in Westcock was provided by their son Lebaron. He recalled: Picnics were made to the blueberry plains in the summer, and coasting parties slid down the snowy hills in the winter. The younger boys chased squirrels; the older ones shot snipe and partridge. Life on the Westcock estate could only be described as idyllic. However, in order to understand the full impact of the gifted family of William and Sarah Botsford it is necessary to outline their eventual careers.

The eldest Hazen (1803–61) was Westmorlands MLA from 1842 until 1850. The next son Amos II (1804–94) was a member of the provincial Legislative Council and later a Canadian Senator. Charles (1806–93) followed a career in law and emigrated to the western United States. He became a judge and died in Spokane, Washington. George (1807–91), also a lawyer, set up a practice in Fredericton and eventually was named Clerk of the Legislature. Chipman (1809–67), yet another lawyer, practiced his profession in Campbellton and served a term as MLA for Restigouche. Lebaron (1812–88) defied family tradition and studied medicine at Glasgow University. He returned to New Brunswick and established a medical practice in Saint John.

Bliss (1813–90), became a lawyer with important business interests in Moncton. Blair (1814–87) was named High Sheriff for Westmorland County and the first warden of Dorchester Penitentiary. Sarah Ann (1815–67) married Robert L. Hazen, a Saint John lawyer, who was later elected as MLA for Saint John. In 1867 he joined his brother-in-law, Amos Botsford II, as one of the first members of the Canadian Senate. The tenth member of the family, Eliza (1817–41) died unmarried at age 24.

In the debate over Confederation, fate was to pit two members of this large family the second son Amos and the seventh son Bliss against each other.

Bliss Botsford, settled at the Head of the Petitcodiac (now Moncton) where he soon built up a thriving law practice. His biographer described him as follows: an impressive figure, well over six feet in height and more than 200 pounds in weight; [he combined] personal magnetism with a vigorous and persuasive style of delivery. Bliss Botsfords success in the courtroom and on the hustings seemed assured. During the period 1851 to 1854 and again from 1856 to 1861 he was an MLA for Westmorland. To no ones surprise, he followed his father and grandfather, in being named Speaker of the House of Assembly.

Sometime prior to famous provincial election of 1865, Bliss Botsford became a convert to the anti–confederation cause. The question is why? One would have expected that he might follow the lead of his elder brother, Amos and be a supporter of the proposed federation.

However, in the New Brunswick politics of the day, party lines were never clearly drawn, and MLAs frequently changed allegiances. But the most important factor in Bliss Botsfords decision was the influence of Albert J. Smith, by then the acknowledged leader of the anti-confederation forces. Shortly after the Charlotettown and Quebec Conferences Smith published A Letter To The Electors Of Westmorland. In it he accused Premier Tilley of conspiracy in supporting Confederation and argued that the Premier had exceeded his authority and did not have a mandate from the people to commit New Brunswick to the scheme. In the second Confederation election of 1866 both Albert J. Smith and Bliss Botsford won personal victories in Westmorland; although their stand on Confederation was rejected provincially.

The patriarch of the Botsford family, William Botsford died on May 8, 1864 aged 92; thus he was not to witness the political rivalry of his two sons.

In Part Two of this Flashback, the story of the Botsford dynasty will be continued with a discussion of the reasons why Confederation carried the day. The career of Amos Botsford II Sackville’s first Senator will also be outlined.

What newspapers were being read by your great grandparents at the beginning of the 20th century? If they lived on the Tantramar, it was probably The Semi-Weekly Post which went back to The Sackville Post, first published on May 12, 1870.

In 1896, The Sackville Post was amalgamated with The Chignecto Borderer; and renamed The Semi-Weekly Post. Under the management of A.H. McCready, it now had a monopoly. With the founding of The Sackville Tribune six years later, readers were presented with a choice. A lead editorial in its first issue, dated February 13, 1902, introduced the new publication.

The Sackville Tribune has no excuses or apologies to make for its existence. It desires to be a public organ and not the voice of any faction, section or clique. Its motto Of the people, by the people, and for the people expresses its attitude. Devoted to the interests of the county of Westmorland, and in particular the parishes of Sackville, Westmorland, Dorchester and Botsford, it believes in giving special prominence to the business and interests of [the county] and to let other counties boom themselves. As The Sackville Tribune has introduced itself; next week it will come as an acquaintance, and it trusts, as a friend.

The newspaper was not welcome in certain quarters. The Conservative leaning Semi-Weekly Post was, at first charitably lukewarm; and noted that The Tribune was well printed and presented a creditable appearance. The Post (as it was familiarly known) had built up a faithful readership. Although Westmorland was considered a Liberal stronghold, the Tantramar area traditionally voted Conservative. To succeed, The Tribune would have to carve out a place for a Liberal newspaper in Conservative Sackville.

With the benefit of hindsight, those who predicted an early death for The Sackville Tribune, were underestimating the entrepreneurial drive of C. C. Avard (1875–1956), the owner and editor of the new enterprise. For more detail on his remarkable life see: The Many Sided Career of Clement Chandler Avard elsewhere in this issue.

It did not take long for the two newspapers to begin political jousting. A long awaited provincial election was called for Feb. 28, 1903. The Liberal oriented Tribune entered the contest with gusto. From the beginning of the campaign Avard confidently predicted We have not the slightest doubt that the Liberal Government [led by Hon. L.J. Tweedie (1849–1917)] will be returned.

Speeches by the Conservative Opposition leader [J. Douglas Hazen (1860–1937)] and his followers were treated with scorn. Toward the end of the campaign C.C. Avard became more blunt: Since the Liberal government will be elected to power, what advantage is there in sending opposition candidates to Fredericton? For the record, the Liberal government was returned, and the young editors predictions were proven correct this time.

Unfortunately, complete files of The Semi-Weekly Post and the later renamed Sackville Post are not available. One has to do a certain amount of detective work to

ascertain their precise stance on some issues; however, Avards highly charged rebuttals provide valuable clues. From the copies that have survived, The Post was undoubtedly as partisan as The Trib.

In 2002 it is easy to be critical of the black and white journalism practiced by these two newspapers. Yet it must be recognized that the same thing was happening in Moncton, with The Times versus The Transcript; or in Saint John where The Telegraph squared off against the Journal.

Canadian author John Ralston Saul, in a recent appearance on Maritime Noon, put this situation in context when he suggested that these early newspapers were forerunners of the contemporary phone in shows and Internet chat rooms. If nothing else, they managed to arouse public opinion in a manner unimaginable in todays often externally controlled media. Theyre also fun to read even a century later!

This brand of uncompromising journalism also sold newspapers. During the first quarter of the twentieth century both The Post and The Trib prospered. Once the latter was on its feet and Avard had paid off a $1,400 loan negotiated to start the paper; he established The Tribune Printing Company. By 1906 his business had reached the point where The Tribune moved into its own new building, which still stands on Main Street.

Throughout these early years, C. C. Avard continued to scout for new opportunities. In 1910 he established The Atlantic Advertising Agency and added regional advertising to his ever expanding business interests. The Sackville Tribune weathered the stormy days of World War One, the roaring twenties and even the depressing thirties with relative ease. Although Avard gave up editorial duties at the Tribune, he continued as President and Manager of the company.

His front page column From The Managers Desk became a fixture of The Sackville Tribune until his retirement. Throughout the Tantramar region, one question resounded each week: Whats Clem got to say today?

The Tribune Press also expanded its operations. During the 1920s Avard took over publication of the monthly magazine, The Busy East. Later, in 1933 it was renamed The Maritime Advocate. By this time the editorial policy and content of the magazine bore the unmistakable stamp of C. C. Avard. In 1937, at a time when other newspapers were going bankrupt, a major addition to the Tribune Building became necessary.

Each year saw an increasing list of books published by The Tribune Press. Almost all were by Maritime authors and featured regional themes. Esther Clark Wright, Grace Helen Mowat, Will R. Bird, J. Clarence Webster and Roland Sherwood, were among those whose works carried the imprint of Sackvilles Tribune Press. One in particular, W.O. Raymond’s The River St. John, reached best-seller status, with three reprints.

An example of Avards resourcefulness took place during the Second World War. When other newspapers were cuttting back, he managed to win a contract to print newspapers for American bases in Newfoundland and Labrador. Thus papers such as The Gander, The Propagander and The Honker began their life in Sackville.

Following the end of the war, change was in the air at both The Sackville Tribune and The Post. A.H. McCready retired from the helm of the latter in 1946. On June 3rd, of the same year, The Post was combined with The Tribune and Sackville returned to being a one newspaper town.

A year later, another important change took place. The Avard era came to an end with the purchase of the Tribune Press Limited by William B. Sawdon and Fred Johns. Later Sawdon was to buy his partners shares in the company.

The new owner and publisher, a native of Mount Stewart PEI, was a 1939 graduate of Mount Allison. Like other Tribune editors before and after him, he was editor-in-chief of The Argosy. A seasoned veteran of the Second World War, Sawdon served with the New Brunswick Rangers in the Western European and Italian campaigns. He brought to the Tribune Post not only a fresh outlook, but a new approach to journalism.

For the next twenty five years, the destiny of The Sackville Tribune Post would rest on his shoulders. Like his predecessor C. C. Avard Sawdon was, by his own admission, a staunch Liberal. However, in the operation of the newspaper, during his watch, a subtle but important change took place. Less emphasis was placed on controversial national and regional topics; with more attention being given to local news and reporting.

One of Bill Sawdons attributes was the ability to recognize talent in others. Over the years, the Tribune Post became a training ground for young reporters who subsequently were to find employment with major newspapers. A good example was Ken Bagnell, a native of Glace Bay. While at Mount Allison he helped cover the sports beat. Later, he was employed by the United Church Observer, Toronto Star, and the Globe and Mail. Bagnell became editor of the Imperial Oil Review and is still working as a free lance travel journalist.

Two others who fulfilled apprenticeships with the Tribune Post were Jon Anderson from Westmount, Quebec and Sackville native, Dick McDonald. Anderson later worked for the Montreal Gazette, Time Magazine and the Chicago Tribune. McDonald began his newspaper career with the Moncton Times and Transcript; and following a move to BC, was on the staff of the Richmond Review and Vancouver Sun. Unfortunately, the latters career was cut short by death.

While it would be wrong to imply that the new Tribune Post was always neutral; from the Sawdon years onward, the newspaper presented a more balanced view of politics. During one election campaign citizens were urged to: vote as you like, but vote.

This did not mean that Sawdon ducked controversy or that he was soft on contentious issues. His oft quoted motto was: Where all men think alike, few think much. This too, spoke volumes concerning his approach to journalism. For a time following his retirement, Bill Sawdon maintained an office at the Trib and continued an arms length interest in the newspaper. He passed away March 3, 2001.

This column cannot posssibly convey a complete history of The Tribune Post through to the present day. Instead, I will concentrate on the contribution of certain individuals who left a major mark on the newspaper. There is also another reason for brevity. Its much more difficult to be objective, the closer one gets to 2002. Any serious analysis of these years should be left to some future columnist perhaps in 2102.

The first name that surfaces is that of C.W. Moffatt better known as Scoop Moffatt. He graduated from Mount Allison in 1937 and earned his nickname while news editor of The Argosy. At the time, the University had a Press Club composed of Argosy reporters and others who had an interest in journalism.

Each member of the club acted as Mount Allison correspondent for a major newspaper in the region. Scoop regularly filed stories with no less than four dailies two in Halifax and one each in Saint John and Moncton. Well baptized in printers ink, he went on to serve The Tribune Post, first as an investigative reporter and later during the Sawdon years as editor. In each role he exemplified the same work ethic and dedication.

On browsing through Moffatts news stories and editorials, the reader is struck by their distinctiveness. Even Scoops unsigned articles are identifiable by their crisp, clear prose. It did not matter that many were written on the run, or completed just in time to meet a deadline. They were, and still are, a treat to read.

One of Moffatts important contributions was the compilation in 1946, of a handbook for the most central town in the Maritimes. Endorsed by the Sackville Town Council and Board of Trade, it gained a wide circulation. Today the handbook provides a valuable snapshot of mid 20th century life in the Sackville.

Another landmark in the life of this newspaper came in 1971 when Bill Sawdon sold out to a trio of Tribune employees Bill Freeman, Hilyard Cameron and David McKay. This event provides an opening to note the role of a key contributor to the more recent Tribune Post; and one who is still in our midst.

Before chatting with Dave McKay about his years at The Trib, Ill admit to being forewarned. A mutual friend told me Hes not likely to be very forthcoming, thats just not Daves style. Wise words they were; however, all writers leave tracks; making it easy to trace his career.

Following a familiar pattern, Dave, a native of Yarmouth, NS, graduated from Mount Allison. An English major, he too, served on the Argosy staff. He was also a member of the varsity football and basketball teams. Dave began his journalistic career with the Canadian Press, where he had the good fortune to work under the legendary Jack Brayley.

Then it was off to Moncton and a long stint for both the morning and evening editions of the Times and Transcript. Proof of his versatility came in the various hats that he wore. Among them were sports editor, news editor and editor in chief. Spotted by Bill Sawdon, he was lured back to Sackville where he remained for 26 years, retiring at the end of April 1990.

Again, it was not the McKay style to write front page editorials in the manner of Avard and Sawdon. Dave is remembered for his folksy column Here and Their– a pot-pourri of wit, wisdom, and observances of small town life. Especially hilarious are the accounts of escapades involving his own family; including one tale of a trip to the Annapolis Valley when the McKays became hopelessly lost on a short cut that became a long cut.

The best summary of Daves impact on this newspaper came at the time of his retirement. Then editor Hayden Smith recalled: The most important lesson Dave taught me was how to deal with people. You listen a lot and you ignore your natural impulses when accosted by a reader. Not a bad prescription for any writer.

No recent Tribune Post history would be complete without mention of its long serving sports editor, Wallie Sears. The wonder of it all, is that after more than forty years, Wallie is still pounding the keys as a free lance journalist.

Recently, I attended a meeting in the Town Hall. On the way in, my eye caught the Sackville Sports Wall of Fame. It reminded me that in 1993, Wallie was inducted as a member in the Builder category. Clearly, the same word might be applied to his contribution to sports journalism; both in the pages of The Tribune Post and elsewhere.

Wallie once confided that he had covered all sports from curling to lacrosse; and everything in between. It does not matter which sport, or at what level it is played, his reporting is, and was, always fair and even handed. In victory or defeat, at the old Allison Gardens or the new MacAulay Field, he is there, notebook in hand; an insightful reporter and builder. Readers of The Sackville Tribune Post have been well served by journalists such as Wallie Sears.

Its a long way back to February 13, 1902. Lets not forget that centennial celebrations look not only to the past, but also to the future. As publisher Vince Arbing and editor Scott Doherty plan ahead for The Tribs second century, its worth noting that many lively predecessors are looking over their shoulders. A few have been featured in this column.

Throughout New Brunswick there are several towns closely linked with business enterprises. Who could describe St. Stephen without mentioning Ganongs; or visit Florenceville and overlook McCains? For the first half of the twentieth century, the same might be said of Port Elgin. This was Magee territory, and while there were other important businesses, none had the wide ranging influence of Fred Magee Limited.

Industrialist, financier, politician, educator and benefactor, Fred Magee was born in nearby Baie Verte on May 29, 1875; the son of Thomas Magee and Olive Oulton Magee. He attended the local school and in 1893 went on to study at the University of New Brunswick. His father, Thomas Magee operated a store in Baie Verte for many years. Following the family tradition, Fred, at age 22, opened a general store in Port Elgin.

But before long, young Magee spotted a much greater opportunity; exporting canned lobster. He was never to look back. From the beginning, Fred Magee demonstrated a flair for marketing. A trademark or brand name was required for his new enterprise. Suggestions such as Port Elgin Lobster or even Magee Brand Lobster were discarded in favour of something much more distinctive.

Few were aware that Magees eventual selection of a brand name was influenced by his love of music and especially the opera. In later life he frequently attended New Yorks famous Metropolitan Opera. Gounods well known opera Faust based on a poem by Johann Goethe, has as one of its main characters, Mephistopheles, the devil in disguise. The shortened form of the devils name was Mephisto, Magees choice for a brand name. Soon, the Mephisto brand label, with a red devil lurking in the background, became known world wide.

In addition to his marketing ability, Fred Magee demonstrated a keen grasp of entrepreneurial skills. Although Mephisto brand canned lobster was making money, he recognized the folly of relying on a single product. Smoked herring was then added and before long Magee had three plants in New Brunswick and one in Nova Scotia producing smoked herring. The firm also began buying herring and lobster from smaller producers in the region.

Cans in quantity were required in the lobster cannery; while the smoked herring plants needed wooden boxes and barrels. To Magee the question was: Why buy these elsewhere when they might be produced more cheaply on location? Soon a factory producing sanitary tin cans and a shook mill, manufacturing containers for smoked herring, joined the cannery in Port Elgin. Waste from the shook mill was utilized as fuel in the nearby power plant. Fred Magee Limited was now not only producing containers for its own expanding business; smaller lobster canneries all along the Northumberland coast from Kouchibougac NB to Merigomish NS were being supplied from Port Elgin. As early as 1906 a branch of the parent company was established in Pictou, Nova Scotia.

In order to market a growing list of products, sales representatives were appointed in key centres such as: New York, London, Paris, Hamburg, Stockholm, as well as in the Caribbean, and at various locations in Africa and Asia. Fred Magee Limited advertisements of the period carried the caption: Represented On Five Continents 100% Maritime Owned And Operated. To no ones surprise, Fred Magee was soon attracting attention in the outside business and financial community.

On June 22, 1920 Magee became a charter director of the Moncton based Central Trust Company. As a point of interest, the first President of Central Trust was Herbert Mariner Wood a Sackville businessman, and numbered among the other directors was Charles W. Fawcett, operator of the well known Sackville foundry. Magee was later to serve as President and Chair of the Board of Central Trust.

A member of the Westmorland County Council for a number of years, it was widely expected that Magee would enter provincial politics. His first try in 1912 ended in defeat; however, he went on to be elected as one of the Liberal MLAs for Westmorland, and served in the Legislature from 1917 through to the mid 1920s. Named to the provincial cabinet, Magee was President of the Executive Council and Minister Without Portfolio in the administration of Premier W. E. Foster. One of his major responsibilities from 1918 to 1926 was to chair the New Brunswick Vocational Education Board.

Years after Magee left active politics, he wrote a letter to one of the Westmorland MLAs requesting that a stretch of road in the Port Elgin area be paved. The member responded in typical bureaucratic fashion that the road would be paved as soon as priorities permitted. Magees response was terse. He informed the MLA that he had spent $5,000. getting him elected; and if the road was not paved that summer, he would spend $10,000. getting him defeated. It was immediately paved.

In spite of the harsh economic climate of the 1930s, Fred Magee Limited continued to prosper. In the depth of the Depression, while competitors were falling by the wayside, Magee gambled on an expansion of the Pictou plant. He had already experimented with the canning of other products such as vegetables and strawberries at the Port Elgin cannery. The cannery in Pictou was active only during the short spring lobster season. During the summers of 1935–36 he enlisted the cooperation of several farmers in the Pictou area, and planted test plots of various varieties of garden peas. The right soil, proper fertilization and staggered planting convinced Mageee that canned peas, to which string beans were later added, could extend operations at the cannery beyond the May-June lobster season.

Another Magee hunch paid dividends. Soon more than 100 farmers were growing peas and beans for canning at the Pictou plant. Eventually cans of Mephisto Brand Green Peas and Yellow String Beans became familiar items on grocery shelves thoughout the Maritimes and beyond. In addition, a new cash crop was offered farmers in Pictou and Westmorland Counties. Magee also realized that the pods and vines from this venture might be turned into money. This waste product was subsequently sold for silage.

On the community level Fred Magee was a Member of the Board of Trade, a charter Rotarian, and strong supporter of the Botsford and Westmorland Agricultural Society which still sponsors an annual exhibition in Port Elgin. He married Myrtle R. McLeod, daughter of John and Mary McLeod of Port Elgin. They had one daughter who died in infancy. Both Fred and Myrtle Magee were active members of St. James Presbyterian Church. The striking memorial window in the chancel was donated by the Magee family.

Aside from business, the cause that overshadowed all others for Fred Magee was education. From his days as chair of the Provincial Vocational Education Board onward, Magee championed a practical vocational education at every opportunity. It was his belief that all students should not be channelled through a single academically oriented curriculum. Magee was the driving force behind the construction of a magnificent and well equipped Regional Memorial High School in Port Elgin. Dedicated to the fallen in two World Wars, the institution with its diversified curriculum was for many years the flagship secondary school in New Brunswick. Constructed on a 15 acre lot in the centre of the village, the land was the gift of Myrtle Magee; while her husband donated $50,000 for the construction of a 700 seat auditorium-gymnasium.

Fred Magee admitted being a university dropout; but unlike many others, he was determined to do something about it. From his teenage years, he had but one career ambition to enter the world of business. In keeping with his views on secondary education, it was also his opinion that the traditional university curriculum was of little use in meeting the objectives of students entering business. Accordingly, Fred Magee never completed his undergraduate degree at UNB.

Years later, from a position as a member of the UNB Senate, Magee campaigned for the establishment of courses in commerce; only to met by a wall of indifference and opposition. Not easily outmaneuvered, he sweetened his proposal with a substantial financial donation. This had the desired effect, courses in commerce were approved, and over time a four year degree program in Business Administration was established. In 1947, Fred Magee was awarded the honorary degree, Doctor of Laws, by the University of New Brunswick. A graduate at last! One suspects that an old UNB classmate Max Aitken, later Lord Beaverbrook and then Chancellor of the University, played a role in this honour.

Time passes and today only a few people remain with memories of the man behind Mephisto. Reminiscences from some of these, combined with the paper trail left by a person of Magees stature have helped piece together this outline. Opinions varied, but all recalled his interest in people. While he might appear gruff at times, Magee was not above helping employees experiencing difficulties, financial or otherwise. The family home remains and is now known as The Magee Complex for senior citizens. Next door, the building that was once the nerve centre of Fred Magee Limited, houses the Port Elgin Village offices. Fortunately, his massive custom made oak desk, around which so many deals were cut survives; while the Regional Memorial Regional High School has been renovated for industrial purposes by Atlantic Windows Limited.

Fred Mageee died a half century ago, on May 5, 1952. Two days later at his funeral the auditorium of the Regional Memorial High School was filled to overflowing. Beyond the tributes voiced by associates and friends, two questions beg for answers: What caused the Magee empire to collapse? and What was his legacy?

To begin, the company was not geared for adaptation or industrial change. New methods of refrigeration and fast freezing spelled the end for canned lobster. Live lobsters were now being shipped directly to New England and central Canadian markets. Thanks to air freight, lobsters caught one day in the Northumberland Strait turned up on restaurant tables in New York and Toronto, the next day. The availability of fresh produce the year round; and a preference for the quality and convenience of frozen vegetables soon surpassed the canned varieties. The Mephisto Brand disappeared from the marketplace.

An answer to the second question is more complex. Many points might be cited; but from the vantage point of today, Magees major legacy stems from his educational interests. Once called the father of vocational education in New Brunswick, Magee was decades ahead of his time in urging a broader high school and university curriculum. Lastly, unlike Lord Beaverbrook, who was not noted for modesty, Magee never courted public favour, nor did he want his name attached to projects in which he played a key role.

Beyond this commendable trait, the name of Fred Magee deserves to be better known in the province and region where he achieved so much.

In researching the history of the Tantramar it’s easy to overlook the period before European settlement. From the mid 1600s onward we have a variety of records to help chart the way. But what about the years that went before? The area was inhabited by the Mikmaq for hundreds, more likely thousands of years; yet there is comparatively little material evidence of their occupancy.

This can be explained in part, because of their small population, and further that Mikmaq history was passed on orally. Occasionally a stone artifact, perhaps an arrow head or axe is unearthed; jolting us to the fact that others once lived here. Fortunately, there are additional sources that provide us with an understanding of the Mikmaq heritage.

Visitors frequently comment on the large number of Amerindian place names not only on the Tantramar, but throughout New Brunswick. There is a reason for this. From the earliest days, the French settlers relied on Mikmaq guides to assist in the exploration of what was for them, virgin territory. Quite naturally, the Mikmaq used their own names for rivers and other waterways. These had been passed down over the centuries. The names stuck and soon began appearing in written records and on charts. The Mikmaq were good geographers and in the absence of maps as we know them, they used place names as landmarks. Many of these remain as accurate descriptors of the landscape.

In addition, we are indebted to early missionaries, both Roman Catholic and Protestant, for saving the Mikmaq language. Several have also left behind detailed accounts of Amerindian society. Much of our knowledge of early Mikmaq life and folklore may be traced to the writings of Rev. Silas Rand (1810–1889). In addition,both explorers and traders recorded their impressions of Mikmaq life. The most comprehensive of these accounts is that of Nicolas Denys (1598–1688). Thanks to a revival of interest in Mikmaq language and history; both subjects are now taught in some schools. Accordingly, there is today a heightened awareness of the lost years before European settlement.

By way of example, it has been established that the Mikmaq had a well developed system of local government. The present Maritime Provinces were sub-divided into eight distinct districts. One of these was Siknikt, from which the contemporary place name Chignecto is derived. Its boundaries included present day Albert and Westmorland Counties in New Brunswick and Nova Scotias Cumberland County.

From the standpoint of communication, Siknikt was of considerable importance, as it marked the convergence of several transportation routes; including a link by sea with another Mikmaq District Abegweit, or as we know it, Prince Edward Island. Thanks to the research of Dr. W.F. Ganong we have a map of New Brunswick showing the network of canoe/portage routes that connected all sections of the province. The word portage is of French origin and refers to a trail where canoes and provisions were carried from one waterway to another. Significantly, the word still forms part of over twenty place names scattered throughout New Brunswick.

Fifty years ago, almost to the day, on May 16, 1952, through traffic on what is now Highway 106 (then the main route between Sackville and Moncton) was either held up or encouraged to take an alternate route. The reason was a ceremony scheduled at Frosty Hollow for 3:30 that afternoon. Fortunately, the event was covered by C.W. Moffatt, then editor of this newspaper.

He found the weather to be unusually cold for mid-May a bone chilling wind swept over Frosty Hollow. But this did not prevent a large crowd from gathering to witness the unveiling by the Historic Sites and Monument Board of Canada, of a cairn to mark the site of an early Mikmaq/Acadian portage. Regrettably, the individual most responsible for the event, Dr. J. Clarence Webster, of Shediac, a former chair of the Board was not present. Although he died two years before, the inscription on the memorial tablet was his composition. Alice Lusk Webster, his wife and their son Dr. William Webster were in attendance. This was especially appropriate, as Mrs. Webster shared her husbands keen interest in local history.

Presiding over the ceremony was Rev. Father Clement Cormier, president of St. Joseph’s University in Memramcook. In his remarks, Father Cormier recalled an incident from family history. During the early 1750s, one of his ancestors, Pierre Cormier, then 16 years of age, frequently travelled the ancient portage route between Memramcook and the Acadian village at Weskak (Westcock). The reason for his travels was to court his wife-to-be, Ann Gaudet, who lived at Weskak. He concluded: This memorial will not only link the present and the past, but also serve as a symbol of the cooperation between the Mikmaq, French and English who once quarrelled over this territory and who now live in harmony.

Remarks then followed by Rev. Father Rene Beaudry, professor of History at St. Joseph’s and Dr. D.G.G. Kerr, head of the Department of History at Mount Allison University. Father Beaudry pointed to the happy choice that the two area universities were taking part in the ceremony. He noted that the institutions were located very near the respective ends of the portage route. Father Beaudry stressed the importance of this particular portage as part of a communications link not only for the Mikmaq, but for those who [came after them].

The country that does not recognize its history is left rootless and lost was the keynote of an address by Dr. D.G.G. Kerr. He lauded Dr. J. Clarence Webster for his wisdom in making certain that this important historical site was marked. We are accustomed he continued to seeing sites of famous buildings, fortresses and battlefields so honoured. But what picture is more familiar to us all, from our earliest reading of Canadian history, then that of an Indian moving swiftly along a forest trail, such as this was, carrying his gear and canoe The history of transportation, as exemplified in its earliest stage by this portage, is a most important part of the history of Canada.

The unveiling of the monument then took place. The honour fell appropriately to Dr. Alfred G. Bailey (1905–1997), Professor of History at the University of New Brunswick, and provincial representative on the Historic Sites and Monuments Board. In addition to his being a well known historian, Dr. Bailey was also a noteworthy poet and founder of the Fiddlehead Magazine, one the oldest literary journals in the country. His monumental study on Amerindian society: The Conflict of European and Eastern Algonkian Cultures is still recognized as authoritative.

. The narrow isthmus of Siknikt/Chignecto was of particular significance to the Mikmaq. It was their custom to spend winters in the interior where they could take advantage of forest shelter and the availability of game. In the spring they transferred to encampments nearer the seashore. Travelling by canoe, they utilizied the numerous portages abovementioned.

Of the canoe it has been written: An exquisite example of form and function, {it} is inextricably entwined with Canadas history. The canoe was comparatively simple to construct, but brilliant in design. A frame of wooden ribs was covered by the lightweight bark of the birch. The latter was perfect building material, since it was both waterproof and resilient. The joints were held together by tree roots cut in thin strips and sealed with spruce resin. A canoe was easy to repair; becuase if damaged, raw materials were usually close at hand. So seaworthy were they, that the Mikmaq used canoes to cross both the Bay of Fundy and Northumberland Strait.

Virtually unchanged for thousands of years, the canoe also proved to be ideal for travelling inland rivers such as the Petitcodiac, Memramcook, Tantramar, Missaguash and Aboujagane. Note that the names of these five waterways may be traced to the Mikmaq language. Linking these rivers were many well travelled portages. The example commemorated on May 16, 1952 connected Beaubassin with the Memramcook River.

During the course of French settlement this portage was an essential part of the communications link between the two colonies of New France and Acadia. For well over a century, France and Britain fought for control of the Isthmus that today connects two provinces and prevents mainland Nova Scotia from being an island. A casual glance at the map is sufficient to confirm the strategic importance of this small neck of land.

With the completion of Fortress Louisbourg in 1719, dispatches between Quebec and Louisbourg frequently passed this way. Following the final British conquest, the portage continued in use until the first road linking the Memramcook Valley with the Tantramar was constructed. Later when the Intercolonial Railway was built, it roughly paralleled the route of the portage.

Dr. W. F. Ganong in a paper given before the Royal Society of Canada commented: In facilities for travel [the Mikmaq and Maliseet] were exceptionally fortunate, for New Brunswick is everywhere intersected with rivers readily navigable by canoe. The principal streams of the province head together curiously in pairs and a route may be found in almost any direction.

The ancient portage route memorialized at Frosty Hollow in 1952 was of strategic and economic importance to both the Mikmaq and those who immediately followed them. Thanks to the research and insight of historians such as Dr. J. Clarence Webster and Dr. W.F. Ganong we can in our imagination, paddle through an important chapter in the early history of this region.

At first glance it would appear that these three locations have few, if any, links. However, a closer look reveals that the first two share a familiar heritage. Both Great Village, Nova Scotia and Westcock, New Brunswick were once sites of Acadian settlements, and later played important roles in the nineteenth centurys Golden Age of Sail. Westcock overlooks Cumberland Basin; while Great Village, straddles a river that flows into Cobequid Bay. Inevitably, both bear the mark of Fundys restless tides.

In stark contrast, Carberry is thousands of kilometres from the Maritimes and the influence of the sea. Located in southern Manitoba east of Brandon, it was first settled in the late 1870s. Nestled in rolling hills and fertile farmland, it has a population of 1,500; making it the largest of the three communities. The economy is mainly based on agriculture; however, there are two features that make Carberry a tourist destination. The Spirit Sands Desert, is billed as five square kilometres of blowing sand dunes; while nearby Spruce Woods Provincial Park is only minutes away from the town.

Obviously, from the standpoint of history and geography, Carberry is very different from either Great Village or Westcock; yet there are connecting links through literature.

Two major poets, an American, Elizabeth Bishop (19111979) and a Canadian, Sir Charles G. D. Roberts (18601943) spent their early childhood years in Great Village and Westcock respectively. In both cases, their poetry bears the indelible mark of these formative years. In the same vein, Carberry can lay claim to artist, naturalist and author Ernest Thompson Seton (18601946), who homesteaded there in the late 19th century.

Roberts and Seton also shared a mutual interest in animal life and the natural environment. Both went on to achieve fame as writers of popular animal stories. In Roberts case, these were based largely on boyhood adventures in the forest and marshland around Westcock; while Seton set many of his tales in the Carberry area, with its distinctive prairie landscape.

Although born in Worcester, Massachusetts, Elizabeth Bishop spent her early childhood in Great Village, living with her maternal Canadian grandparents. She attended the local school briefly during the years 191617. Thereafter, until the mid 1920s, she vacationed in Great Village each summer; and was to revisit the scenes of her youth on several occasions. Following her return to the United States, Bishop graduated from Vasser College in 1934. Something of a wanderer she traveled extensively in Europe, and lived in both Brazil and the United States. A frequent contributor to the New Yorker Magazine; she won virtually every poetry award in the United States; including the prestigious Pulitzer Prize in 1955.

While the poetic styles of Bishop and Roberts differ dramatically, each exhibited a profound sense of place; in their prose and poetry. Great Village and Westcock as they once were, are forever immortalized in their literary works. Many readers will be familiar with Roberts Tantramar Revisited, Westcock Hill, The Herring Weir or The Tide On Tantramar among numerous other examples of his preoccupation with this region.

Of Elizabeth Bishop it has been written: Her hauntingly unforgettable poetry speaks to the world of her rich Nova Scotia heritage and speaks to Nova Scotians of their earthly trust wooden houses, church steeples, wild iris, elms and ancestors. On August 1, 1992 an event took place that helped emphasize the Great Village years of Elizabeth Bishop. Local citizens unveiled a memorial plaque on St. James United Church to recognize and celebrate the enduring connection between the poet and her childhood home.

In addition a seminar was held, with papers and reminiscences being presented by a mix of academics and local people. Out of this gathering, a formal Elizabeth Bishop Society of Nova Scotia emerged; and special events honouring the poet take place on a regular basis. The Society has also issued an attractive and well designed brochure highlighting sites of importance in Bishops life and writings. A self guided tour covering 22 significant locations throughout the village has also been developed.

Ernest Thompson, who later added the surname Seton, was born in South Shields, England in 1860. In the same year, Sir Charles G. D. Roberts was born at Douglas near Fredericton. The Thompson family emigrated to Upper Canada in 1866 and eventually settled in Toronto, where Ernest graduated from the Ontario College of Art in 1879. Attracted to frontier life, he moved to Manitoba, and was appointed to the post of provincial naturalist. Later, in 1896 he emigrated to the United States.

Setons first collection of short stories Wild Animals I have Known was published in 1898 and became an instant success. Roberts, a keen naturalist and camper since his Westcock years, also wrote wrote three experimental animal tales in 1896. These were published along with other outdoor adventure stories in his Earths Enigmas. By coincidence, these two important Canadian writers, who were exact contemporaries; launched a new genre or type of storytelling. It is also worth noting that they later became acquainted, and actively encouraged each others work.

Most critics are in agreement that Roberts was the better writer; however, Seton, a gifted artist, was able to illustrate his books and this added greatly to their appeal. His interests were of a more scientific bent than Roberts, and he is remembered as Manitobas Audubon. One of Setons most important works The Birds of Manitoba was commissioned by the Smithsonian Institute in 1892.

Of the two, Roberts was more prolific and some of his animal stories have been reissued in recent years. For at least two or three generations, a collection of these stories formed part of the school curriculum in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. In later life, Setons interest in woodcraft led to an association with the Boy Scout movement. From 1910 until 1915 he served as chief of the Boy Scouts of America. He also founded the Seton Institute in New Mexico. Here he spent most of his final years; returning to Canada only on special assignments.

Ernest Thompson Seton has not been forgotten in Carberry, Manitoba. Several of his books were based in whole or in part, on his life in southern Manitoba. The most notable example was The Trail Of A Sandhill Stag published in 1898. A memorial to Seton stands in Pine Creek Park east of the town. The wilderness trails that he once blazed, have been restored in Spruce Woods Provincial Park. The Seton Centre in Carberry, dedicated to his memory, sponsors special events highlighting his career. The Centre also displays artwork, books and memorabilia associated with Setons life.

Seton in Carberry and Bishop in Great Village have been honoured and memorialized in the communities that provided a significant impetus to their literary careers. What about Sir Charles G. D. Roberts? Most literary historians agree that Roberts was Canadas first man of letters; while others have attached the label The Father of Canadian Literature. Certainly he was one of the first Canadians to earn a living through his published works. In addition to being a poet of the first rank, his role as a writer of prose and as an historian also call for recognition.

While his fiction and animal stories have borne the brunt of considerable criticism; one thing is certain. Roberts knew his subject matter firsthand. He would never be caught transplanting murmuring pines and hemlocks to the marshlands, as did Longfellow. But then, the latter had never set foot in the Maritimes.

To be fair, Sir Charles G. D. Roberts did receive, over the years, some recognition in his native New Brunswick. He was awarded an honorary Doctor of Letters degree by Mount Allison in 1942. Five years later, in 1947 the Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada included his incomplete name [Sir Charles Roberts] along with that of Bliss Carmen and Francis Sherman on a Poets Memorial at UNB. In 1983 Mount Allisons Centre for Canadian Studies sponsored a symposium that celebrated his life and works. The proceedings were subsequently published.

The same year also saw the republication by Mount Allison, of Roberts locally based novel The Heart That Knows. An introduction by Dr. Michael J. MacDonald outlined the place of this work in regional literature. More recently, Dr. Charles H. H. Scobie has written an important monograph entitled: The Roberts Country: Sir Charles G. D. Roberts And The Tantramar. Published in 1993, it chronicles in detail, Roberts roots in the region.

While the recognition mentioned above is commendable; there is something missing. Simply put, two things are needed. There should be a permanent reminder on location of the life and works of Sir Charles G. D. Roberts. In addition, an ongoing event is required to perpetuate his memory. Only then, will future generations be reminded that the Father of Canadian Literature, not only lived his childhood years in Westcock; but that his works were moulded and shaped by this area. Both Great Village and Carberry point the way!

Its always tempting to let fancy reign and sketch possibilities as to how the above objectives might be achieved. I shall resist. Widespread public consultation and consideration must first take place.

It is, however, appropriate to point out that now may well be the time for action. A proposal for the creation of a United Nations Biosphere Reserve in the Upper Bay of Fundy, is in its final stages and will shortly be forwarded to UNESCO for approval. Will there ever be a better time to honour the contributions of one who, in both his prose and poetry, celebrated the Tantramar in all its biodiversity?

Last summer, while house-cleaning the attic at our cottage I uncovered, tucked away under the eaves, a carton of old magazines. They were dated in the early 1980s. For the next few minutes, my task was put aside, as I browsed through reminders of past summers. Toward the bottom of the pile, two issues of the Tantramar Magazine were found.

I remembered it well, but had forgotten that these copies were there, just waiting to be rediscovered. Immediately, a quick retreat to the sun porch was made, and the rest of the morning was spent in an enlightening reread.

What did I find? Subtitled The Magazine of the Maritimes; it was dedicated to the well being of smaller communities. Some readers will recall that the project was the brainchild of individuals associated with the then Hawk Graphics: David Hawkins, Lorrie Bell, Sandy Burnett and others. Since that time, the company, now known as Hawk Communication Inc., has grown to the point where it is a major player in its field.

The masthead listed David Hawkins as publisher, James Lipsit, editor; with Sandy Burnett as consulting editor. Lorrie Bell and David Hawkins assumed the role of art directors. However, each would be the first to emphasize that they had the support and encouragement of a much wider community on the Tantramar and beyond. Many of these people will be mentioned later.

Recently I had an opportunity to meet with David, Lorrie and Sandy. We explored the concept behind the venture and reminisced about the magazines regrettably short life. In 1981 David and Lorrie were living on what he described as a farmlette in Jolicure. We had a rural and semi back to the land existence. Magazines such as the Country Journal out of New England, Rural Delivery [still being published in Nova Scotia] and Harrowsmith all were quite influential. But no one seemed to celebrate or champion small town and rural living. The concept grew out of that direct experience and set of values

A rationale for the Tantramar Magazine was subsequently written by Sandy Burnett. Because of its importance, his short statement is worth reprinting and rereading today. (See: xxx) In crisp, clear prose he set out why it was [and still is] important to celebrate the kind of place where Canadians feel at home.

Looking back over the intervening 21 years Sandy recalled: Our vision was to celebrate the integrity, vitality and creativity of rural and small town communities. If Harrowsmith could do it, we reasoned, why not Tantramar? On one point, both David and Sandy were in agreement. The difference between our magazine and Harrowsmith soon became obvious was how Sandy put it. Harrowsmith was published in Southern Ontario with easy access to a market close to 20 times larger than we could hope to tap in Atlantic Canada. We also had the misfortune to launch the project just as interest rates soared sky high. Added to this, the country was crippled with a lengthy postal strike.

While concurring, David went a bit further and suggested that the magazine at the end of the day suffered from inexperience and [possibly] the publishers incompetence. we did many things well then licked our wounds, paid our bills and moved on. Nevertheless, any external assessment reveals that the demise of the Tantramar Magazine had little to do with either content or approach. It was an unfortunate victim of circumstances.

This point will become clear as you are taken on a condensed tour of the two issues. Designed as a quarterly, the magazine hit the news stands in the summer of 1981.

The first cover article featured a well known Tantramar personality farmer, auctioneer and insurance agent, John Carter, then of Point de Bute, but now living in retirement in Sackville. Entitled Hes An Auctioneer James Lipsit guided the reader through the drama and excitement of a country auction. More than that, he provided an engaging pen portrait of a man well known to many readers of this column.

Included in this issue were features such as: Peter Hicklins Nomads of The Air: The Sandpipers of Fundy, and Dean Jobbs The Westmorland Dream [The story of the NB & PEI Railway]. Then there was Norbert Cunninghams Tune up the fiddle; rosin up the bow, those fiddling Hicks put on a show that explored a family tradition still being carried on by Ivan and Vivian Hicks. Yet another family enterprise was spotlighted by James Lipsits review of the fine dining he encountered at Amherst Shore Country Inn. Begun by Donna and Jim Laceby, this well known inn and restaurant is now managed by their son Rob and his wife Mary Burris.

The autumn issue published in late 1981, was equally rich in content. Following the same pattern as the first, it began with a profile by Sandy Burnett of artist, Bernard Safran (1924 -1995); then living on a farm in Jolicure. A native of Brooklyn, New York and graduate of the Pratt Institute Art School; Safran became internationally renowned as an illustrator with Time Magazine. In all, he completed over 70 cover portraits for Time, before emigrating to New Brunswick, where his wife Adele, had roots.

Sandy pointed out, that Safran had reached a cross road in his career, as he moved from being an illustrator to a serious people painter. Readers wishing to explore Safrans career and see reproductions of his paintings (many were rooted in the Tantramar) are urged to visit the web site www.safran-arts.com

An article by Dean Jobb took readers to Shemogue and the boat yard of Gerald Duguay. To quote the latter: When youre happy with a boat you dont change it… its like a good wife. Jobb concluded his survey of a longstanding Acadian tradition in boat building by noting there are about ten builders in the Shemogue area, and Gerald Duguay is either brother or cousin to all but one of them.

Since this issue came out just before Christmas, there were several seasonal articles. One of the most interesting was Tantramars Victorian Christmas Dinner by Sylvia Yeoman. Details of her sumptuous feast were supplemented by recipes, many taken from the original cook book of Pheobe Chandler, wife of Hon. E. B. Chandler, a Father of Confederation and former lieutenant governor of the province. While living at the Chandler built Rocklyn in Dorchester, Mark and Sylvia Yeoman became noted for hosting banquets on historical themes.

Both issues contained short stories by Valentine Bachmann and Veronica Leonard; poetry by Liliane Welch, along with sketches by art director Lorrie Bell. I urge all local readers to undertake a search for the surviving copies of the Tantramar Magazine. Only then, will you be able to understand why one reviewer called it a project of promise.

There is yet another reason to revisit the magazine. It will always remain a part, of what has been referred to as the lure of the Tantramar. While it did not succeed as a viable business enterprise; the magazine became as Sandy correctly assessed it part of a continuum.

You may ask Is there any evidence for this conclusion? Just consider the following Tantramar benchmarks gleaned from 1981 through to the present.

On the artistic and cultural side, much activity in the 1980s was centered at the Middle Sackville Community Arts Centre featured in the first issue. Several Centre artists had their work highlighted by Liliane Welch in a 1983 series of poems From the Songs Of the Artisans. Earlier, another Tantramar poet, Douglas Lochhead, published his well known collection of prose poems celebrating the High Marsh Road.

In 1984 Mount Allison launched a Rural and Small Towns Project that still continues to research and investigate topics of significance to small communities. As one of the projects founders, Dr. Larry McCann expressed it: In a sense, the opportunity to research small towns was an opportunity to learn about ourselves. Throughout the 1980s and into the early nineties, Mount Allisons Canadian Studies Centre emphasized local and regional issues through a visiting professorship in Maritime Studies, and courses on related themes.

The decade ended with poet Douglas Lochhead and photographer Thaddeus Holownia publishing their monumental volume Dykelands. It succeeded as no other medium, to capture in word and picture, the lure of the Tantramar. Further examples of the continuum could be drawn from the fields of Art, Drama and Music. Space does not permit their being listed.

During the 1990s cultural and artistic events continued apace. However, during this decade, a new dimension, an emphasis on planning, economic development and tourism was added. This activity was sparked by a number of local organizations; however, a lead role was taken by Renaissance Sackville. It was no accident that one of its chief architects was David Hawkins. Other organizations such as the Tantramar Heritage Trust and its offshoot the Tantramar Historical Society, gave yet another perspective to the lure.

The year 2000 will always be remembered for the observance of the 225th anniversary of the arrival of Yorkshire settlers. More than 3,000 people responded to the call of the Tantramar and came home. While here, they participated in an invigorating mix of activities that included family reunions, drama, displays, demonstrations, lectures, church services, a book launch and a major conference on Immigration and Impact. The lure of the Tantramar continues in a new century and a new millennium!

In the first issue of the Tantramar Magazine David Hawkins wrote: Over the centuries, the people who have chosen to live and work [on the Tantramar] were committed and stayed largely because of the measure of freedom their choices promised More often than not, truth is dynamic. Its reward is freedom, but you must pay the price. There is no discount for honesty. Im proud to be from Tantramar.

There are many important historical sites scattered throughout New Brunswick. The Tantramar region in particular, is fortunate to have its share, some predating European settlement. Many of these have implications, not just for a region, but for the entire province. Recently I had the opportunity to visit one such site. Its located at 41 Woodstock Road, in Fredericton.

Over the years, I had sometimes driven by this address, on my way up the St. John River Valley from downtown Fredericton. I knew it as an elegant grey stone mansion set well back from the street; with a marvelous view of the St. John River. A symmetrical building calculated to catch the eye in any season.

Once it was the home of the governors, and after Confederation, the lieutenant governors of New Brunswick. Later in the 1890s, the house was abandoned for financial reasons, and its furnishings sold at public auction on Aug. 10, 1897. Since then the building has played a variety of roles, ranging from a School for the Deaf, a military barracks during World War One, a hospital for veterans to more recently, from 1934 until 1988, as headquarters for the RCMP.

Interspersed were periods when the imposing building stood vacant, causing concern as to what might happen to this architectural gem. Designed in the Regency style by noted architect John Elliott Woolford (1778–1866) and well built of native stone during the years 182628, the exterior has stood the test of time.

The immediate area was once a Maliseet encampment. As early as 1713 the first Europeans, the Acadians, established themselves here, and by 1733 their settlement, called Sainte-Anne, was the largest on the St. John River. All this changed in the 1750s when they were expelled. Then came New England and Loyalist settlers. Old Government House was built on a location that is, in many ways, a time capsule of provincial history.

But beyond its historical background, I was looking forward to my visit for another reason. I had heard from several sources, details of the exciting and painstaking restoration that had taken place within the building. Now I was to have a chance to see it first hand. The visitors entrance is located at the east end of the building. Following a check in with a friendly commissionaire, I was greeted by Tim Richardson, principal secretary to Her Honour Marilyn Trenholme Counsell, New Brunswicks 28th lieutenant governor. We set out on a tour of Old Government House, and as we went along, he briefed me on the history of the site and the building.

By this time we had reached the first floor and the main lobby just inside the front portico. (See exterior photo.) Here dignitaries and official visitors are received and sign the guest book. Also on this floor may be found the drawing room, main dining room, library, music room and the original lieutenant governors office.

I noted the high ceilings, with their ornate plaster moldings; a feature of Regency architecture, and wondered if these were original. Mr. Richardson responded that most of the plaster work dated from 1828. However, he pointed to a few places where repairs had to be made. We have to thank the RCMP for their preservation… he said. When they occupied the building, all ceilings were lowered, to cut heating costs and hide the telephone lines, along with electrical and communications wiring. In this way the original decorative plaster was protected; making restoration much easier.

He also pointed out several moveable panels where the unrestored woodwork and plaster might be seen. During restoration an original invoice was found from a Fredericton company. It listed all the paint colours assigned for each room; thus ensuring that the walls would be restored to their proper colour.

The furnishings in the public rooms of Old Government House are of more than passing interest. Many pieces of furniture are traceable to the 1897 auction, and have recently made their return, through donations and repurchase. Identification of these heirlooms was made easier when the Provincial Archives located a catalogue of items that were for sale.

Several antique chairs still bear the tell tale inscription GHNB. A notable example of original furniture is the mahogany banqueting table in the main dining room. (See illustration) It is attributed to Thomas Nisbet (1777–1850) New Brunswicks most famous cabinetmaker. There are also a number of other pieces, scattered throughout the House, that have been traced to Nisbit.

Just as our tour of the first floor was completed, we were joined by Her Honour, the lieutenant governor. For readers beyond the Tantramar, a brief biographical sketch is in order.

Hon. Marilyn Trenholme Counsell is a native of Baie Verte NB; the daughter of Mildred Baxter Trenholme and Harry Frederick Trenholme. She graduated from Port Elgin Memorial High School and went on to attend Mount Allison University. Obtaining a B.Sc. (magna cum laude) in 1954, she continued her studies at the University of Toronto where she was awarded the M.A. and M.D. degrees, again with honours.

Qualified both as a medical doctor and nutritionist she worked in Toronto, before returning to her roots, and establishing a medical practice in Sackville. In 1972 the future lieutenant governor married Kenneth Walter Counsell, a journalist and Citizenship Court Judge. Mr. Counsell died in 1981, following a battle with cancer. Their two children are now well settled in their own careers. Son Giles, works in the field of information technology in Toronto; while daughter Lorna, practices law in Ottawa. Her Honours entry into public life came in 1987 when she was elected MLA for Tantramar. Re-election followed in 1991 and 1995. Named to the provincial cabinet as Secretary of State for the Family she was installed as lieutenant governor on April 18, 1997.

When I asked Her Honour for reflections on this new role, she recalled the three promises made at the time of her installation: to represent Her Majesty, the Queen, with devotion; to encourage pride and harmony within the province and to promote enhanced opportunities for children.

The first, is an important mix of constitutional and ceremonial duties. This column is not the place to discuss the vice-regal role in such matters as summoning, proroguing and dissolving the legislature or giving royal assent to bills and orders in council; to name only the obvious. It will be sufficient to note that all of the these duties, fulfilled in the name of the Queen, are being carried out with diligence and distinction by Her Honour.

An advantage of our form of government is that the prime minister or provincial premier, is freed from many of the ceremonial duties expected of any head of state. Heres one important illustration: The lieutenant governor serves as patron or honorary chair of many non governmental, charitable and volunteer organizations. To list all such groups to which Hon. Marilyn Trenholme Counsell has given her time and talent, would fill many pages. It includes well established entities such as the Duke of Edinburgh Awards, NB Youth Orchestra, Boy Scouts and Girl Guides, St. John Ambulance Association, the CNIB, the Canadian Bible Society and the Royal Life Saving Society. Some examples on the list relating to the Tantramar region are of more recent origin: Yorkshire 2000 and the Cape Jourmain Nature Centre.

The remaining two priorities listed by Her Honour were highlighted when my tour resumed on the second floor. It is here that pride in the province is demonstrated by the work on display of New Brunswick artists and artisans. Evidence that this is having an impact, is borne out by the more than 20,000 people who toured Old Government House last year. This statistic does not count the hundreds of others who attended events by formal invitation, or the many involved in special functions and receptions. Next to Rideau Hall in Ottawa, Old Government House is the most accessible, and most visited, vice regal residence in Canada.

As an example of this open door policy, the lieutenant governor pointed out that over 300 women, from all parts of the province, signed the guest book marking International Womens Day in March. One of Her Honours early initiatives in making her office and Old Government House more accessible, came through the establishment of a website. Readers are encouraged to visit this site and take a tour. Just type in: www.gnb.ca/LG/ and follow the links.

The numerous choirs, musicians and entertainers invited to Old Government House functions also endorse the lieutenant governors wish to promote harmony through the inclusion of diverse ethnic groups. Heres one illustration. At the traditional New Years levee on Jan. 1, 2001, entertainment was provided by the Lintuhnine Childrens Choir of Oromocto, accordionist Doug Pineau of Moncton and Cynthia Sewell of the Pabineau First Nation.

Hon. Marilyn Trenholme Counsells priorities became even clearer, when she invited me to visit the Childrens Art Gallery which runs the entire length of the second floor corridor.

As she expressed it: Im always thrilled to observe the reaction of younger children as they visit various sections of the House. When they first come through the visitors entrance in the basement level, they notice the rough stone walls and you hear them whisper: Do you suppose this is a dungeon? or I wonder if well see any ghosts? Then when they reach the first floor, silence descends as they are awed by the high ceilings, the beautiful furnishings and the grandeur that is there. A totally different reaction is expressed when they reach the second floor and the Childrens Art Gallery. Then its wow look over here its awesome; and suddenly they feel at home!

Her Honour explained that the Childrens Art Project began with a visit by students from Barkers Point Elementary School. Soon afterward, she was presented with their work of art entitled: Wishes Of Children. A hand print from each student was placed on the collage; accompanied by a special wish. A few were predictable, such as requests for something new at home; however, the majority displayed a maturity well beyond their years. Among their aspirations were hopes for peace, no more war and a stop to fighting.

Of special interest was the fact that all regions of the province, all levels of public education, and all ethnic groups were represented in the display of childrens art. Theres no stopping a good idea! Ill admit that I was curious to see if Tantramar was represented in the display. I was not to be disappointed. Art work by the following former students at Marshview Middle School grace the walls of Old Government House: Lacey Doncaster, Danielle Bulmer, Savannah Junjek, Alex Keeling, Jason Knowles, Ashley Rowe and Shauna Sappier. All of the artists listed, have since moved on to Tantramar Regional High School.

Throughout the remainder of the tour, many topics were discussed; however, the conversation frequently drifted back to Her Honours interest in literacy; and the establishment of New Brunswicks annual Early Childhood Literacy Awards. A regular reader to her own two children, Giles and Lorna, when they were young, Her Honour is a champion of the Born To Read program begun by the IODE. This initiative encourages parents to read to children by presenting bags of books to mothers on leaving hospital, following the birth of their child.

The Early Childhood Literacy Awards fall in six categories. The first two honour New Brunswick writers in the field of childrens literature. The remaining four awards champion individuals or organizations, who promote literacy. Significantly, one of these is earmarked for a grandparent involved in the cause.

Madame Diane Lord, wife of the Premier Hon. Bernard Lord, serves as honorary chair of the Awards Selection Committee. As befits a couple with a young family, both she and her husband frequently join the lieutenant governor in reading to groups of children. In the promotion of literacy, Her Honour never misses an opportunity. On April 22nd, members of the Writers Federation of New Brunswick have been invited to join her at Old Government House to celebrate Canada Book Day.

Although the Literacy Awards have justifiable prominence in the vice-regal program, other aspects of New Brunswick society and culture have not been neglected. Two additional awards begun by Her Honour deserve recognition. The first, An Award For Outstanding Public Service spotlights exceptional contributions by New Bruswickers at all levels of government, whether municipal, provincial or federal. Still another award is uniquely New Brunswick in nature. It is presented annually to an individual or organization for going above and beyond, in their effort to conserve wild Atlantic salmon.

While touring the exhibition hall on the second floor, Her Honour pointed out a magnificent piece of sculpture, carved from native New Brunswick cherry wood. The work, by artist William T. Page of Durham Bridge, features a hand releasing a salmon into its natural underwater habitat. On permanent display at Old Government House, it will remain as a lasting symbol of this important award.

By now my tour was coming to an end. All that remained, was to express my sincere thanks both to Hon. Marilyn Trenholme Counsell for her hospitality and time, and to Mr. Richardson, for his willing assistance.

Many important events have taken place at Old Government House since its official opening on Dec. 31, 1828, by Governor Sir Howard Douglas. The history of New Brunswick can be told in words, but sometimes even more eloquent, are important buildings from the past. Largely responsible for the construction of Old Government House, Douglas is regarded as one of the ablest of New Brunswicks pre-Confederation governors. The last lieutenant governor to live and work within its walls, prior to closure in 1892, was Sir Samuel Leonard Tilley (18181896), a Father of Confederation, and one time Premier. The office on the first floor has been restored to mark his two terms as lieutenant governor.

Of the 28 individuals who have been named to this post, four have roots in the Tantramar region. The first was Hon. Edward B. Chandler (1800–1880), a Father of Confederation and a Dorchester lawyer; then Hon. Josiah Wood (1843–1927), former MP and Senator, and Sackvilles first mayor; and more recently, Hon. George F. G. Stanley, respected historian, academic, soldier and designer of the Canadian flag. Following their term in office, Dr. and Mrs. Stanley have returned home to Sackville. The fourth, Hon. Marilyn Trenholme Counsell, has the privilege of being the first lieutenant governor to live in the renovated and refurbished Old Government House. A fifth may also also be partially claimed Mount Allison graduate and former University Chancellor, Hon. Margaret Norrie McCain. Her mother Senator Margaret Fawcett Norrie, was a native of this region.

Some people who visit Old Government House occasionally feel a ghostly presence in the building. If there is a ghost, then it will certainly be a friendly one. Is it, by chance, the return of Sir Howard Douglas? Without question, the spirit of the congenial Sir Howard would applaud the accessibility of the new Old Government House. One final comment On Her Honour. Lieutenant Governor Hon. Marilyn Trenholme Counsell has set standards and established precedents that will stand for years to come.

It’s certain that a number of readers will recall the 1948 escapade at Mount Allisons Lily Pond. Because today’s date is so close to All Fools Day, the uninformed may conclude that what follows is a hoax. Not so; I can guarantee that every effort has been made to verify the details. More on this later.

By present standards, student activities at Mount Allison during the late 1940s were closely controlled. Not only was there was no admission to any residence by a member of the opposite sex; rules governing womens residences were especially rigid. For example: on weekdays, freshettes were obliged to be back in their rooms by 10 PM; seniors had to be in by 11 PM. These regulations were enforced by a vigilant Dean of Women, with penalties being levied on those who disobeyed. Dances and mixed social activities were carefully chaperoned and supervised.

Liquor was taboo. There was no pub on campus and Sackville had few worries about the location of a liquor store; since the nearest legal outlet was in Amherst or Moncton. There were no taverns in the town and illegal drugs were unknown. However, while liquor might be banned; it was not totally absent. On Friday afternoons, the number of hitch hikers on the main highway east and west of Sackville was noted to increase.

Students were also forbidden to operate cars or motorcycles. This rule was eventually relaxed in 1951, when under certain circumstances, permission [to do so] might be granted. A hint of a breakthrough came in September 1948 when one male student in residence was permitted to use his own car. Possibly in exchange for this privilege, he made it clear that he was uninterested in making special trips to either Amherst or Moncton.

One final point of clarification. What is known today as the Swan Pond east of Convocation Hall was referred to during this era as the Lily Pond. In the late 1940s it was a considerably larger body of water than today. In addition to the fountain erected in 1904, there were two small islands within the Pond. The name change did not take place until 1968 when Hon. Campbell Macpherson, a former regent and lieutenant governor of Newfoundland, presented a pair of swans to Mount Allison.

Early one morning in the late autumn of 1948, something was amiss in Sackville. East Main Street was experiencing a traffic jam. Soon a crowd of onlookers, including both students and towns people gathered. The source of all the excitement was the presence of two automobiles on the larger of the two islands in the Lily Pond. Between the two vehicles there was a No Parking sign encased in concrete. Someone in the crowd noted on his way over that a familiar sign in front of the Post Office (now the Town Hall) was missing.

Two questions were uppermost. Who was responsible? and How did they manage to do it without detection? The answer to the first question was predictable. It had to be a student prank but how was it accomplished? The pond was too deep for the vehicles to be driven there. There was some evidence (tire tracks in the frozen grass) to indicate that the two cars had been pushed down the hill from the direction of the Womens Residence.

This was confirmed very quickly when word spread that one vehicle was owned by the Dean of Women and was normally parked near the residence then connected to present day Hart Hall. Later the angry owner of the second car appeared. He was the uncooperative student (who was granted permission to have a car on campus) but who refused to run errands to Amherst or Moncton. His car had been parked behind Trueman House.

Neither vehicle was locked; so that their removal by persons unknown was comparatively easy. However, the details of the escapade are best told in the words of one who was there.

The old wooden rink which stood opposite present day Allison Gardens had been torn down. [The new rink was officially opened on Dec. 4, 1948.] All of the sills and planking had been piled on the side of Lansdowne Street. Late one night, some men from Trueman House picked out two sills, along with some planks. These were carried to the edge of the Lily Pond. There the sills were stood on end, and toppled over so that one end was on the mainland; the other on the island. The planks were then used to cover the bridge.

My informant went on: The student owned car was guided from its parking space to the bridge. It was then carefully pushed across to rest on the island. Since this was so easily done, it was decided that the car belonging to the Dean of Women should also be parked on the island. Her vehicle was selected because it was deemed that she was too enthusiastic in enfoRCIng the rigid residence rules. Unfortunately, her car was much heavier and when half way across the bridge, one sill began to fracture. A couple of strong rugby players jumped in the water and lifted the sill. There was no damage done to the car, and it was pushed to its resting place on the island.

The No Parking sign was another story. At this point, another student of slight build, was seen stumbling toward the bridge. While his fellows were hard at work, he had gone downtown and somehow managed to loosen the sign. This, when put in place on the island, was the finishing touch In less than an hour from starting time, the bridge was erected and completely dismantled. But more work remained. The sills and planking had to be returned and piled in place, exactly as they were before. This done, we all slipped back to our rooms in Trueman House.

My informant concluded: The men involved from East Section decided, on their own, that a bit of celebration was in order to mark mission accomplished. Several had recently received care packages from home and this was to be the basis for a late night feast. A social faux pas of the highest order was then committed no one from Centre Section was invited…

Revenge was not long in coming. A Centre resident and veteran of the Second World War had spent the previous summer on military training. He had in his room a Thunder Flash used to simulate battlefield conditions. This was hurled from an open window and the East Section party was over almost before it began. Alarms were sounded and the Dean of Men was quickly on duty. Once it was established that no damage was done, peace eventually descended on Trueman House.

What transpired the next day was equally interesting. The Incident at the Lily Pond became the talk of town and gown. The first problem to be solved was removal of the cars from the island. The university carpenter and a couple of his assistants were consulted. There was no Department of Facilities Management to call on in this era! A decision was made to build a wooden trestle; new lumber was purchased and a temporary bridge constructed. Eventually the cars were removed from the Island and the workmen took down the structure.

The Incident did not go unnoticed by the university administration. After some deliberation it was concluded that this was an inside job. Accordingly, a nominal fine was levied on all male students. This would raise an estimated amount to cover the cost of the lumber used to build the bridge. Since payment might be taken as an admission of guilt; and few students had any spare cash, the fines were ignored.

On the students side, a strict code of silence prevailed and no names were ever revealed in public. But possibly more important, an indelible chapter in the folklore of Mount Allison was written; to be recalled every time alumni from the classes of 1949 and 1950 meet.

You may well ask what about the claim of authenticity mentioned at the beginning of the column. When I was first told of the Incident; I checked my normal primary source for details concerning a university story. Unfortunately, the Sackville Tribune Post did not cover the event. The 1949 University Yearbook revealed two photographs, the one reproduced here and a second showing the superstructure constructed to remove the cars.

My first confirmation of the details came when a neighbour directed me to the memoirs of the then Dean of Men, Dr. D. W. MacLaughlin. Years after the event, he established some, but not all, of the facts revealed above. He also admitted that a third car (his own) was slated for the island, but the fractured sill was considered too weak to tempt fate. While I had no specific reason to doubt the story revealed by my anonymous informants, I decided it might be wise to consult someone with the best of credentials, on the whole truth concerning the Lily Pond Incident.

Fortunately, I was able to find such a person. He was a member of the Class of 50, a former professor and later a Mount Allison administrator. Even more significant, he hails from Pictou County; and was elected President of the Mount Allison Students Council. Registrar Emeritus Don Cameron not only verified the details as pieced together in this column; he also loaned me the photograph of the Incident. It was taken by his close friend, a member of the class of 1949, the late Ralph Howe. The case rests.